中国木雅人与尔苏人的体质特征

目的:木雅人与尔苏人属于我国未识别族群,对其体质特征进行研究。方法:研究组在四川省石棉县调查了木雅人157例(男77例,女80例)与尔苏人120例(男69例,女51例)的86项体质指标,初步分析了木雅人与尔苏人的体质特征。结果:木雅人上眼睑皱褶率男性为74.03%、女性为68.75%,尔苏人上眼睑皱褶率男性为81.16%、女性为72.55%。木雅人蒙古褶率男性为46.75%、女性为31.25%,尔苏人蒙古褶率男性为56.52%、女性为62.75%。木雅人与尔苏人男女眼裂高度以中等为主,眼外角高于眼内角,鼻根高度以中等型为主。木雅人与尔苏人多为直形鼻梁。木雅人与尔苏人男性颧骨体不突出,而女性颧骨体则发达适中,鼻翼高约占鼻高的1/4,多为中等。木雅人与尔苏人男女鼻翼宽与两眼内角间距几乎等长,耳垂多为圆形耳垂,眼色多为褐色。根据各项指数均值,木雅人男女均为中头型、正头型、阔头型、中鼻型、宽胸型、宽肩型与中腿型。据头宽高指数均值,尔苏人男女均为中头型。据形态面指数,尔苏人男性为中面型,女性为狭面型。据鼻指数均值,尔苏人男女均为中鼻型。据身高胸围指数均值,尔苏人男女均为宽胸型。据马式躯干腿长指数均值,尔苏人男女均为中腿型。结论:木雅人与尔苏人男性与女性体质特征相近,欧氏距离平方最小,与京族、客家人距离较近。通过聚类分析两个族群的体质特征位于南北两大族群之间,属于藏彝走廊类型。

Physical characteristics of Muya and Ersu people in China

Objective:To study the physical characteristics of Muya and Ersu people who belong to unrecognized ethnic groups in China.Methods:The 86 anthropologic characteristics of 157 Muya adults (77 males and 80 females)and 120 Ersu adults (69 males and 51 females)living in Shimian city of Sichuan province were determined.The physical characteristics of Muya and Ersu people were analyzed statistically.Results:The percentage of upper eyelid eyefold of Muya was 74.03% in males and 68.75% in females.The percentage of upper eyelid eyefold of Ersu people was 81.16% in males and 72.55% in females. The percentage of Mongoloid fold of Muya people was 46.75% in males and 31.25% in females,and the percentage of Mongoloid fold of Ersu people was 56.52% in males and 62.75% in females.The opening height of eyeslits of Muya and Ersu people was medium.The external angle was higher than the internal angle.The nasal root height of Muya and Ersu was medium.Most of them had straight nose bridge.The male cheekbones of Muya and Ersu people were not prominent,and female cheekbones were moderate.The height of nasal base was about 1/4 of the nose height,and most of them were moderate.The nose breadth and interocular breadth were nearly equally long.Lobe types were round in Muya and Ersu people.The eye color was mostly brown.According to the average index,the males and females of Muya were featured by mesocephaly, orthocephalic, tapeinocephalic, mesorrhiny, broad chest circumference, broad shoulder breadth and mesatiskelic types.According to breadth-height index mean of the head,the males and females of Ersu belonged to the metriocephalic type.In accordance with morphological facial index mean,Ersu males were mesoprosopy,and Ersu females were leptoprosopy.According to height-breadth index mean of the nose, Ersu adults were mesorrhiny. In accordance with stature-chest circumference index mean,Ersu adults had broad chest circumference. According to Manouvrier's skelic index mean,the males and females of Ersu belonged to the mesatiskelic type.Conclusion:The physical characteristics of Muya and Ersu people are similar, and their Euclidean distance square is minimum,and their characteristics are closer to Jing and Hakka ethic groups.Cluster analysis shows that the physical characteristics of Muya and Ersu people are between southern ethnic groups and northern ethnic groups,belonging to the Zang-Yi corridor category.