血液病患儿透视导引锁骨下静脉置管方法学研究

目的 探讨通过透视导引锁骨下静脉置管术(SVC)提高置管成功率,更好地确定导管头端位置,减少手术相关并发症发生.方法 对183例1～16岁明确诊断为血液病患儿行透视下SVC术.观察置管成功率、穿刺针数、手术时间、透视时间和手术相关并发症发生情况.结果 183例患儿透视下SVC术均成功(100％).穿刺＜3针成功151例(82.5％),4～6针成功25例,7～10针成功7例,全部导管头端均成功置于上腔静脉与右心房交界处.手术时间5～25 min,平均(10.38±4.04) min.透视时间16～607 s,平均(65,46±55.86)s.术中穿刺动脉2次(2例).平均随访35 d,发生导管相关感染2例,未发生局部穿刺点血肿、血气胸、导管相关血栓形成等并发症.结论 血液病患儿透视导引SVC术置管成功率高,穿刺针数较少,导管头端置放位满意率高,手术并发症少,是安全有效的方法之一.

Fluoroscopy-guided subclavian vein catheterization in children with hematologic diseases: methodology study

Objective To investigate the success rate of fluoroscopy-guided subclavian vein catheter implantation (SVCI) in children with hematologic diseases,to improve the visualization of the position of the catheter head,and to reduce the incidence of procedure-related complications.Methods Fluoroscopyguided SVCI was performed in 183 sick children (aged 1-16 years) with confirmed hematologic disease.The success rate of the catheter implantation,the number of needle puncturing,the operation time,the fluoroscopy time and the occurrence of procedure-related complications were recorded.Results Successful fluoroscopy-guided SVCI was accomplished in all 183 sick children,with a success rate being 100％.Successful SVCI was obtained with ＜3 times of puncturing in 151 sick children (82.5％),with 4-6 times of puncturing in 25 sick children,and with 7-10 times of puncturing in 7 sick children.The catheter tip was successfully positioned at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium in all sick children.The operation time ranged from 5 min to 25 min with a mean of (10.38±4.04) min.The fluoroscopy time varied from 16 seconds to 607 seconds with a mean of (65.46±55.86) seconds.During the procedure,artery was wrongly punctured two times in two sick children.The mean follow-up time was 35 days.Cather-related infection occurred in 2 sick children.No local hematoma at puncture point,nor hemopneumothorax or catheter-related thrombosis occurred.Conclusion Fluoroscopy-guided SVCI has high technical success rate in children with hematologic diseases.For a successful procedure of SVCI,less number of needle puncturing is needed by using this technique.The satisfaction rate for the placement of catheter tip is high and the incidence of complications is low.Therefore,fluoroscopy-guided SVCI is a safe and effective method.