介入治疗T管引流术后胆道再狭窄的初步探讨

目的 评价介入治疗外科T管引流后胆道再狭窄的疗效、安全性、可行性.方法 回顾性分析2014年6月-2016年3月收治的T管术后胆道再狭窄的25例患者资料,其中胆管癌6例,胆囊癌3例,胆系结石13例,肝癌2例,胃癌外科术后1例.25例中合并胰胆管合流异常4例.经原T管途径行介入治疗22例,经T管造影后再行PTCD治疗3例.所有患者中,行球囊扩张配合胆道引流者21例,行胆道金属支架植入者4例.良性狭窄患者引流管保留2～3个月后给予拔除.患者经门诊或电话随访3～24个月,通过引流管造影评价疗效.结果 介入手术均顺利,无相关并发症发生,技术成功率100％.15例良性胆道狭窄患者经原T管窦道途径行球囊扩张成形术,留置胆道10.2～12 F内外引流管,拔除原T管.随访发现1例胆管癌吻合口狭窄患者术后8个月死于肺部感染.10例恶性狭窄中,3例胆道梗阻位于T管上方,均行PTCD术;其中2例肝癌侵犯胆道患者,癌栓范围较大,行内外引流管植入;黄疸消退后分别于术后1个月、2.2个月死于肝衰竭;1例胆囊癌侵犯胆道行支架植入,术后2.5个月死于肿瘤进展.7例胆道梗阻位于T管下方,经T管窦道途径植入内外引流管4例,植入金属支架3例.其中2例胆囊癌患者分别于术后3.8个月、5个月死于肿瘤进展;5例胆管癌患者中2例术后3个月出现支架再狭窄,给予PTCD处理.3例于术后3.6个月、5.2个月、9个月死于肿瘤进展、多脏器功能衰竭.结论 介入治疗外科T管引流后胆道再狭窄疗效确切,安全可行,可明显改善患者生活质量.

Interventional therapy for biliary restenosis occurring after surgical T-tube drainage: preliminary investigation

Objective To evaluate the curative effect,safety and feasibility of interventional therapy for biliary restenosis occurring after surgical T-tube drainage.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with biliary restenosis that occurred after surgical T-tube drainage,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from June 2014 to March 2016,were retrospectively analyzed.The primary diseases included bile duct carcinoma (n=6),gallbladder carcinoma (n=3),biliary stone (n=13),hepatocellular carcinoma (n=2)and gastric cancer after surgery (n=1).Abnormal junction of pancreatic duct and biliary duct was observed in 4 patients.Interventional procedure via T-tube route was carried out in 22 patients,and T-tube radiography with subsequent percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) was conducted in 3 patients.Biliary balloon expansion combined with biliary drainage was performed in 21 patients,and biliary metal stent implantation was adopted in 4 patients.For patients with benign biliary stricture,the drainage tube was retained for 2-3 months before it was removed.All the patients were followed up for 3-24 months at outpatient clinic or by the telephone.The curative effect was evaluated with drainage-tube radiography.Results The interventional operation was successfully accomplished in all patients,no procedure-related complications occurred,the technical success rate was 100％.In 15 patients with benign biliary stricture,biliary plasty with balloon expansion via the T-tube fistula was conducted,then a 10.2-12 F drainage catheter was placed in the biliary tract and the T-tube was pulled out.During the follow-up period,one patient with anastomotic stricture of bile duct carcinoma died of pulmonary infection at 8 months after treatment.Of the 10 patients with malignant stricture,the biliary obstruction was located above the T-tube level in 3,and all the 3 patients received PTCD.Among the 3 patients,2 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by biliary invasion,as the extent of the cancerous thrombus was very large,both internal drainage tube and external drainage tube had to be implanted.After jaundice regression,the two patients died of hepatic failure at one month and 2.2 months after the operation respectively.One patient with gallbladder carcinoma complicated by invasion of bile duct received implantation of biliary stent,and the patient died of tumor deterioration at 2.5 months after the procedure.In 7 patients,the biliary obstruction was located below the T-tube level.hnplantation of internal drainage tube and external drainage tube via the Ttube fistula was performed in 4 patients,and implantation of metal stent was adopted in 3 patients.Among them,2 patients with gallbladder carcinoma died of tumor deterioration at 3.8 months and 5 months after the operation respectively.In 5 patients with cholangiocarcinoma,biliary stent restenosis occurred in 2 at 3 months after the treatment,and PTCD was adopted.Three patients died of tumor deterioration complicated by organ function failure at 3.6 months,5.2 months and 9.0 months after the operation respectively.Conclusion For the treatment of biliary restenosis occurring after surgical T-tube drainage,interventional therapy is safe and feasible with reliable curative effect,it can significantly improve the life quality of patients.