婴幼儿晚发性维生素K缺乏症31例临床分析

目的探讨晚发性维生素K缺乏性颅内出血的病因、治疗方法及预防措施。方法对笔者所在医院收治的31例晚发性维生素K缺乏性患儿进行分析。其中纯母乳喂养25例、腹泻病史15例、抗生素使用史14例。分别予静脉注射维生素K1及止惊、降颅压、输血对症支持治疗。结果治愈24例,死亡2例。结论对于本病要早诊断、早治疗,而做好预防工作是提高治愈率、减少病死率和致残率的关键。建议产科予新生儿预防性肌注维生素K1,对于3个月以内的单纯母乳喂养儿,在合并长期腹泻、黄疸延迟、应用抗生素、存在吸收障碍时均应补充维生素K。

Analysis on 31 cases of infant late onset vitamin K deficiency

Objective To analyze the cause of infantile late vitamin K deficiency and to raise preventive and therapeutic measures.Methods An analysis for the 31 cases diagnosed as infantile late vitamin deficiency in our hospital,among which 25 were exclusively breast feeding,15 were registered with a history of diarrhea and 14 used antibiotics before.They were all symptomatic treated and took vitamin K1 preparation.Supportive measures such as lowering intracranial preseure and blood transfusion.Results 24 cases were healed and 2 dead.Conclusion Early diagnose and treatments are the key to the complete recovery of the disease while prevention is also of vitla importance.Preventive intramuscular injection of vitamin K1 is suggested to be given to newborn infants.For infants within 3 months’old,supplement of vitamin K1 is suggested when malabsorption occurs.