Detection of spallation neutrons and protons using the (nat)Cd activation technique in transmutation experiments at Dubna. |
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Authors: | M Manolopoulou S Stoulos M Fragopoulou R Brandt W Westmeier M Krivopustov A Sosnin M Zamani |
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Affiliation: | Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Hellas, Greece. metaxia@auth.gr |
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Abstract: | Various spallation sources have been used to transmute long-lived radioactive waste, mostly making use of the wide energy neutron fluence. In addition to neutrons, a large number of protons and gamma rays are also emitted from these sources. In this paper (nat)Cd is proved to be a useful activation detector for determining both thermal-epithermal neutron as well as secondary proton fluences. The fluences measured with (nat)Cd compared with other experimental data and calculations of DCM-DEM code were found to be in reasonable agreement. An accumulation of thermal-epithermal neutrons around the center of the target (i.e. after approx. 10 cm) and of secondary protons towards the end of the target is observed. |
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