徐州市及其周边地区3岁以下儿童泌尿系疾病的现状分析

目的了解徐州市及其周边地区3岁以下儿童泌尿系疾病的发病情况。方法行双肾彩超、CT尿路造影（CTU）、尿常规、中段尿培养等检查。结果接受检查者共7 705例,泌尿系结石95例（1.23%）,其中单纯泌尿系结石76例,结石伴积水19例;先天泌尿系畸形43例（0.56%）,分别为肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄20例,发病率最高,单侧肾缺如7例,肾囊肿者7例,肾盂发育畸形2例,异位肾2例,输尿管末端囊肿2例,单侧肾发育不良1例,输尿管末端狭窄1例,重复肾1例;肾母细胞瘤4例（0.05%）;泌尿系感染17例（0.22%）;肾病综合征7例（0.09%）;无症状蛋白尿2例（0.03%）;孤立性血尿5例（0.06%）。结论①在婴幼儿中进行超声、尿检等无创性筛查,能早期发现一些隐匿性泌尿系疾病,减少终末期肾病的发生。②本次检查中泌尿系结石的发病率明显增高,考虑与食品中过量的添加剂有关。③先天性泌尿系畸形中以肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄所占比例最高,且一般都伴有肾积水。

Status quo analysis of urinary diseases in children under 3 years of age in Xuzhou and its surrounding areas

Objective To investigate the morbidity rate of urinary diseases in children under 3 years of age in Xuzhou and its surrounding areas. Methods Medical examinations including renal color Doppler ultrasound,computed tomography urography（CTU）,urine routine,mid-stream urine culture,etc.were conducted during the survey.Results Of the 7 705 cases examined,95 cases were diagnosed as urolithiasis（1.23%）,including 76 cases of simple urolithiasis and 19 cases of urolithiasis with hydronephrosis;43 children were diagnosed as having congenital urinary tract malformation（0.56%）,including 20 cases of ureteropelvic junction（UPJ） stenosis,7 cases of unilateral renal agenesis,7 cases of renal cyst,2 cases of pelvis developmental malformation,2 cases of ectopic kidney,2 cases of terminal ureteral cyst,1 case of solitary renal dysplasia,1 case of terminal ureteral stenosis and 1 case of renal duplication;4 cases of Wilms′tumor（0.05%）;17 cases of urinary tract infection（0.22%）;7 cases of nephrotic syndrome（0.09%）;2 cases of asymptomatic proteinuria（0.03%）;5 cases of isolated hematuria（0.06%）. Conclusion ①Non-invasive screening including the ultrasound and ouroscopy,etc.in infants and young children can detect some latent urinary diseases at an early stage,which helps to reduce the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease（ESRD）.②The evidently high prevalence of the urolithiasis in this survey suggests the possible relationship to the superfluous food additives.③Of the congenital malformations of the urinary system,UPJ stenosis has the highest incidence rate and is always accompanied by hydronephrosis.