室外空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响

目的 探讨空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的危害，根据本溪市历年空气质量监测结果，对不同污染区的儿童健康状况进行调查。方法 采取整群抽样方法，在本溪市轻、中、重污染区随机抽取小学和幼儿园各一所，全部幼童为调查对象。结果 本溪市儿童持续咳嗽、咯痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣及喘鸣样症状的发生率分别为11．89％，5．44％，1．15％，0．62％，6．98％，5．83％。幼儿呼吸系统各病症发生率均高于学龄儿童的发生率；除幼儿男性持续咳嗽发生率低于女性的发生率外(OR=0．69，95％CI=0．49～0．98)，性别间差异无统计学意义。重、中污染区儿童的发生率高于轻污染区儿童的发生率，其中重污染区儿童喘鸣样症状的发生率高于轻污染区儿童的发生率(OR=1．50，95％CI=1．01～2．25)。沿街居住可使儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状的发生率增高，随着住房与交通干线距离的接近，儿童呼吸系统疾病的发生率也呈现增高趋势。易感因素与室外空气污染的联合作用较强，呼吸系统各种疾病的发生率均以受其他因素影响的易感儿童为高，无其他因素影响的非易感儿童发生率为低。结论 室外空气污染是儿童呼吸系统健康的影响因素。

Study of affection of outdoor air pollution on respiratory health among children

Objective To study outdoor air pollution,housing environm ent,parental factors,and respiratory health conditions in Benxi city's children and to examine associations between respiratory health outcomes and multiple ris k factors.Methods A polpulation of 2?263 children from three areas w ith different degree air pollution were studied in Benxi city,whose parents answ ered a questionnaire on their children's respiratory health and home environme nt.Results The prevalence of persistent cough,persistent phl egm,asthma,current asthma,wheeze and wheeze symptom were 11.89%,5.44%,1.15% ,0.62%,6.98% and 5.83% respectively.Rrespiratory increased in association w ith the home being adjacent traffic.Outdoor air pollution was a risk factor for respiratory morbidity outcome of children,especially for prevalence of wheeze.E xposure to family history of asthma,family history of hypersensitivity and perso n al history of hypersensitivity were associated with higher reporting of respira tory morbidity.The prevalence of respiratory disease in children was heighten wi th shortening of distance to main line of communication.Combining roles of sensi tive factor and outdoor air pollution,was stronger,the prevalence rates of respi ratory diseases in sensitive children that affection of other risk factors were higher, the prevalence rates of respiratory diseases in non sensitive children that affe ction of free other factors were lower,this difference was extraordinary signifi cant and very obvious.Conclusion Outdoor air pollution was important determinan ts of children's respiratory health in Benxi city.