美、澳、英护理硕士学位教育与执业资格制度及其衔接现状的比较

目的对美国、澳大利亚和英国3个国家的护理硕士学位教育与执业资格制度衔接现状进行比较、分析,为建立我国的护理硕士专业学位教育与执业资格制度的有效衔接提供借鉴。方法通过文献调研、专家访谈收集资料,同时运用比较研究法,对美国、澳大利亚和英国的护理硕士学位教育、执业资格制度及其衔接关系进行横向比较研究。结果护理硕士学位教育方面,美、澳、英3个国家均设有培养提供直接护理服务的高层次护理专门人才的课程;护理执业资格注册方面,美、澳对具有高级实践水平的护理人员进行国家层面的注册或认同,且英国正在积极探索;二者的衔接方面,美国护理硕士高级实践护士方向教育与高级实践护士相衔接,澳大利亚护理硕士开业护士课程教育与开业护士相衔接,英国护理硕士高级实践课程教育尚未成为高级实践类护士从业的必须。结论我国应积极探索并设置与护理硕士专业学位教育相衔接的具有高级实践水平的护士角色,健全护理硕士专业学位的评审制度,完善护理硕士专业学位的培养体系,最终建立护理硕士专业学位教育与执业资格注册间合理化的衔接制度。

Comparative Research on the Relationship between the Education of the Master of Science in Nursing and the Licensing System of Nursing in United States, Australia and United Kingdom

Objective To compare the status of the relationship between the education of the Master of Science in Nursing and the Licensing system of nursing in United States,Australia and United Kingdom, and to provide a reference for establishing relationship between the education of the Master of Nursing Spe- cialist and the Licensing system of nursing in China. Methods Data was collected by literature study and experts interview. Education of the Master＇s degree, licensing systems and their interface relationship of the US,Australia and the UK were compared by comparative study. Results In the education of the Master of Science in Nursing, advanced practice courses were specifically designed in the all three countries. In the Licensing system of nursing, the US and Australia register or endorsement for the advanced practice nurse in the national level, and the UK is searching for it. About the linkup, there is closely relationship be- tween the education of the APRN in US, NP in Australia and the licensing of nursing; but there is no need in UK. Conclusion We should actively explore and set up the nursing role which is linked to the Master of Nursing specialist with advanced practice level, to sound the accreditation system of the Master of Nursing Special- ist, to perfect the training of the Master of Nursing Specialist, so as to establish the relationship between the edu- cation of the Master of Nursing Specialist and the Licensing system of nursing in China.