葡萄糖调节受损患者膳食营养状况调查分析

目的 评价葡萄糖调节受损患者的膳食质量,为膳食干预提供理论依据.方法 从常规健康体检中选取符合空腹血糖受损(IFG)和/或糖耐量减低(IGT)的患者63例(统称为葡萄糖调节受损IGR),其中男性29例,女性34例,根据体质指数(BMI)分为正常体型组38例(BMI 21.0±1.11),超重体型组25例(BMI 26.6±0.95).采用食物频率问卷法和膳食史法相结合,分析患者的膳食能量、三大产热营养素摄入量及来源比例.结果 正常体型组能量、碳水化合物摄入量与标准供给量相比差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05),但其摄入量均超过标准供给量10％以上;蛋白质摄入量低于标准供给量10％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；脂肪摄入量超过标准供给量10％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在营养素来源分配比例中,谷类食物、动物性蛋白质、动物性脂肪和植物性脂肪摄入量均超过标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；非谷类食物和植物性蛋白质摄入量低于标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超重体型组能量、碳水化合物和脂肪摄入量均超过标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在营养素来源分配比例中,谷类食物、动物性脂肪和植物性脂肪摄入量均超过标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；非谷类食物和植物性蛋白摄入量均低于标准供给量10％；动物性蛋白摄入量超过标准供给量10％.两组的胆固醇摄入量均高于300 mg/d,膳食纤维摄入量明显低于推荐剂量20～35 g/d.结论 糖调节受损患者膳食结构不合理,需要科学合理的营养干预.

Dietary survey and nutrition analysis in IGR patients

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary quality of the IGR patients.METHODS Divided 63 IGR patients into two groups on the basis of BMI:the normal body group with 38 cases whose BMI was 21.0±1.11;and the overweight body group with 25 cases whose BMI was 26.6±0.95.We used the food frequency questionnaire method combined with 24h review method to evaluate the energy and major nutrients intakes,the source of energy-producing nutrients,and the proportion of energy produce from the diets.RESULTS In the normal body group,energy and carbohydrate intake exceeded the suitable range by 10%,fat intake was higher than the standard(P﹤0.05),and protein intake was lower than the standard(P﹤0.05).Intakes of the cereal foods,animal protein,animal fat and plant fat were higher than the standards(P﹤0.05);Non-cereal foods and vegetable protein intakes were lower than the standard(P﹤0.05).In the overweight body group,the energy,carbohydrate and fat intakes were higher than the standards(P﹤0.05).Intakes of the cereal foods,animal protein,animal fat and plant fat were higher than the standards(P﹤0.05);Non-cereal foods and vegetable protein intakes were below the suitable range by 10%,animal protein intake exceeded the suitable range by 10%.In the two groups,the cholesterol intakes were higher than 300mg/d,the dietary fiber intakes were lower than 20-35g/d.CONCLUSION The dietary compositions are unreasonable in IGR patients.Nutrition interventions are needed for these patients.