Forms of Roots and Root Canals in Endodontic Therapy

Tooth crown to root development has been extensively studied from the viewpoint of both anatomy and embryology. However, development of the root canal system has received little attention. Studies using extracted teeth have revealed the proportions of teeth showing variations in their roots and root canals, the locations of the lateral canal, and the numbers of apical foramina, etc. In addition, endodontists have been able to obtain information on teeth from dental X-ray films before the start of root canal treatment. Endodontic therapy involves a degree of difficulty because the root canal cannot be observed directly from the outside. Therefore, detailed information about the root canal system is important for endodontic treatment. Recently, root canal treatment using microscopy has been undertaken. Microscopic images obtained under illumination facilitate easy and precise root canal treatment, and reveal structural abnormalities. However, endodontists, anatomists, and embryologists need to understand the complex development of the root canal system in order to facilitate accurate endodontic therapy, thus contributing to the health of patients.