气质特点与婴幼儿发育相关性的初步探讨

目的：主要探讨气质特点与婴幼儿智能发育之间的联系。方法：对233名婴幼儿的气质和发育水平进行评价。采用Carey儿童气质问卷《婴儿气质问卷修订版》（RITQ）和《幼儿气质评估表》（TTQ），以及《Bayley婴儿发育量表》评价智能发育。结果：气质类型分布无性别差异，虽然不同气质类型婴幼儿的发育水平差异无显著性（P＞0．05），但与积极的气质类型相比，消极气质类型儿童的智能发育可能倾向于落后或较高，智能发育指数与节律性的得分呈显著负相关（P＜0．05），提示发育水平高者生物规律性高。结论：气质与儿童的发育水平可能存在一定关系，但由于婴幼儿的生物学特征未充分分化，发展，且社会化程度低，因而这种关系未明显地表现出来，对气质特点多消极的婴幼儿应重视采取恰当的抚养方法，以利于智力潜能的充分发展。

Study on the Correlation Between Temperament and Development of Infant and Toddler

To find the correlation of temperament and infant and toddle development. The temperament traits and levels of development were assessed in 233 infants and toddlers. Carey's Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire (RITQ) and Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS) were adopted to assess temperament in this study. And Bayley Scales of Infant Development was used to test the intelligence development of infants and toddlers. There was no gender difference among the distributions of temperament types. Although there was no significant difference of development quotient (DQ) among different temperament groups, there was a tendency that the higher percentage of low and high DQ in negative temperament groups than positive groups. There was significant difference correlation between mental development index and rhythmicity. It suggested that the higher development level,the higher physiological rhythmicity. [Conclusions] It seems that there be correlation between temperament and intelligence. But the correlation is limited in early childhood by biological differentiation and development, as well as low socialization. Anyway, more appropriate ways in education for negative temperament children should benefit the potential in their intelligence development.