北京市部分小学一年级新生视力不良率及其家庭因素分析

目的了解小学一年级新生的视力不良发生率,分析其家庭影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对北京市海淀区某学区内的6所小学共698名一年级新生进行眼科检查及问卷调查。结果一年级新生视力不良率高达24.4%。视力不良学生中,女生（28.2%）大于男生（20.9%）;高龄儿童（25.1%）大于低龄儿童（17.5%）;出生季节中夏季最高（35.2%）;遗传因素中父母均为近视者最高（44.4%）;早产儿（68.3%）高于足月儿（23.9%）。睡觉开灯者（35.5%）高于关灯者（20.0%）;使用VDT年限越长,视力不良率越高;室内活动者（28.6%）高于户外活动者（21.5%）;户外活动时间越短、课外学习时间越长,视力不良率越高,以上差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论性别、年龄、出生史、家族史、生活习惯等家庭因素与小学新生的视力不良率相关,提示防控近视应从改善家庭环境着手。

Analysis on poor vision rate and its related family factors among freshmen in elementary school in Beijing City

Objective To understand poor vision status among freshmen in elementary school, and analyze the related family factors. Methods A cluster randomly sampling method was used and the investigation for ophthalmic examination and questionnaire were carried out among 698 freshmen in 6 primary schools in Haidian District of Beijing. Results The poor vision rate in freshmen was 24.4%. The poor vision rate in girls （28.2%） was higher than boys （20.9%）. The higher rate in the older （25.1%） ; summer-born children had the highest poor vision rate （35.2%） ; children of two shortsighted parents had the highest rate （44. 4% ）; higher rate in premature delivery （68. 3% ） than full-term birth （23.9%）. The poor sight rate of who slept with lighting （35. 5% ） was higher than without light （20. 0% ） ; who did exercise indoor （28.6%） higher than outdoor （21.5%）. Poor vision prevalence in freshman increased with years of computer using, shorter outdoor time, longer time on homework （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Age, gender, history of pregnancy and delivery, family history, living habit of freshman were associated with poor vision rate, so to prevent and control children＇ s myopia, improving their home environment have to start working.