健康教育对提高2型糖尿病患者足部自护能力的效果评价

目的研究健康教育对提高2型糖尿病患者足部自护能力的效果。方法将120例具有糖尿病足高危因素的2型糖尿病患者纳入研究,随机分为给予强化健康教育的观察组和常规干预的对照组,观察糖尿病基础知识、足部自护能力以及下肢血管和神经功能。结果观察组患者与对照组相比,糖尿病基础知识（87.4±11.3 vs 75.4±9.6）及足部自护能力（79.4±10.4 vs 67.3±8.5）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患者的内膜中层厚度（0.11±0.01 vs 0.17±0.02 mm）、收缩期血管峰值血流速度（37.7±7.4 vs 46.20±7.01 cm/s）、运动潜伏期（3.1±0.6 vs 4.8±0.7 ms）均低于对照组,弹性程度（0.23±0.03 vs 0.17±0.01）、运动神经传导速度（51.3±8.9 vs 42.7±7.7 m/s）、感觉神经传导速度（53.2±6.9 vs 44.8±5.9 m/s）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;糖尿病基础知识及足部自护能力与内膜中层厚度、收缩期血管峰值血流速度、运动潜伏期呈负相关,与弹性程度、运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度呈正相关。结论健康教育能够通过提高糖尿病基础知识及足部自护能力来改善下肢血管、神经功能,具有积极的临床价值。

Effect evaluation of health education on improving foot self-care ability among type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To study the effect of health education on improving foot self-care ability among type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 120 cases of type 2 diabetic patients with high dangerous factor of diabetic foot were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group with strengthened health education and control group with routine intervention. Then foot self-care ability, basic diabetic knowledge, lower extremity vascular and nerve function were observed. Results Compared with control group, observation group＇ s basic diabetic knowledge （ 87.4± 11.3 vs 75.4 ± 9. 6） and foot self-care ability （79.4 ±10. 4 vs 67.3 ±8. 5） were higher than those of control group, the difference had statistically significant （P 〈0.05）.IMT （0.11±0.01 vs0.17±0. 02mm）, PSV （37.7±7.4vs46.20±7.01 cm/s）, LAT （3.1 ±0.6 vs4.8 ±0. 7 ms） in observation group were lower than that in control group, （D1-D0） /DO （0. 23 ±0. 03 vs 0. 17 ±0. 01 ） , MNCV （51.3±8.9 vs 42.7 ±7.7 m/s）, SNCV （53.2 ±6.9 vs 44. 8 ±5.9 m/s） were higher than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Foot self-care ability and basic diabetic knowledge were negatively correlated with IMT, PSV, LAT, and positively correlated with （D1-DO）/DO, MNCV, SNCV, respectively. Conclusion Health education can improve lower extremity vascular and nerve function by improving foot self-care ability and basic diabetic knowledge, and has positive clinical value.