海南省儋州市农村居民和学生登革热防治健康教育效果评价

目的评价海南省儋州市农村居民和学生登革热健康教育干预效果,为其防控提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法选择干预村和对照村,在干预村采取入户宣传、集中健康教育等方式对农村居民和学校学生进行健康教育干预,对照村仅调查干预前后登革热媒介变化情况。比较健康教育前后农村居民、学生登革热防治知识知晓率和健康行为持有率变化情况,及干预村和对照村登革热媒介密度变化情况。结果对儋州市18岁以上农村居民（1445名和1442名）和中小学生（2412名和2400名）进行了干预前后的调查。干预前,居民登革热各项知识知晓率均在65%以下,登革热防治相关行为中除＂储水用水池、水缸加盖＂外,其他各项行为持有率均在80%以下。干预后,除＂储水用水池、水缸加盖＂外,居民登革热防治知识知晓率和行为持有率均较干预前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。健康教育干预前,除＂适合蚊虫孳生的场所＂外,学生其他登革热防治知识知晓率均在60%以下,登革热防治相关行为中除＂储水用水池、水缸加盖＂外,其他各项行为持有率均在70%以下。健康教育干预后,除＂储水用水池、水缸加盖＂外,学生登革热防治相关知识和行为持有率均较干预前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。干预村和对照村媒介密度指标较干预前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,但干预村下降幅度大于对照村,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论以农村居民和学生为目标的健康教育方式能较好的提高其登革热防治知识知晓率,形成良好的健康行为,从而达到降低蚊媒密度,预防和控制登革热传播的目的。

Effect evaluation of Dengue fever related health education among rural villagers and students in Danzhou,Hainan

Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of health education on Dengue fever among rural villagers and students in Danzhou, and provide scientific basis for its prevention and control. Methods The villages of intervention and control group were selected by multi-staged method. Household publicity and co-education were carried out among villagers and students in intervention villages. The awareness rate of Dengue fever related knowledge, health behavior of villagers and students, and the vector density of intervention and control villages were investigated before and after health education. Results The villagers aged above 18 years old （ n = 1445 and 1442） and primary/middle school student （ n = 2412 and 2400） were investigated before and after intervention, respectively. Before intervention, all of knowledge rates of villagers were 〈 65%. Except for ＂covering the vast＂, other health behavior rates of villagers were 〈 80%. After intervention, except for ＂covering the vast＂, the rates of knowledge and health behaviors of villagers were significantly increased （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Before intervention, all of knowledge rates of students except for ＂mosquitoes breeding site＂ were 〈 60%. Except for ＂covering the vast＂, other health behavior rates of students were 〈 70%. After intervention, except for ＂covering the vast＂, the rates of knowledge and health behaviors of students were significantly increased （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The indices of vector density for intervention and control villages were significantly decreased than before intervention （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The decreasing extent in intervention villages was bigger than that in control villages （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The health education targeted at villagers and students could raise rates of knowledge and format health behaviors related to Dengue fever, and then decrease the vector density and prevent the transmission of Dengue fever.