健康教育对高血压患者疾病认知及自我管理行为的影响

目的探讨健康教育对高血压患者疾病认知及自我管理行为的影响。方法将396例高血压患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组198例,对照组给予常规药物治疗和健康教育,观察组在对照组基础上实施系统性的健康教育及随访干预。干预12个月后,比较2组患者的高血压知识知晓率、自我管理行为及血压变化情况等。干预后,观察组患者知晓血压的正常值（73.2%）,超重肥胖（80.3%）、吸烟饮酒（74.7%）、高盐饮食（82.3%）是高血压的危险因素,对高血压的症状（63.6%）、高血压的危害（65.7%）、高血压常见并发症（59.1%）以及合理用药知识（81.8%）等知识知晓率均高于对照组及自身干预前（P〈0.01）。观察组患者做到低盐低脂清淡饮食（77.3%）、控制体重（51.5%）、戒烟戒酒（67.2%）、自我监测血压（81.8%）、定期复检（79.3%）、长期规律服药（93.9%）、保持良好的心态（75.3%）、加强锻炼与运动（91.4%）等自我管理行为均高于对照组及自身干预前（P〈0.01）。观察组患者收缩压（128.5±8.7）mm Hg和舒张压（81.4±7.6）mm Hg较干预前和对照组明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论健康教育能提高高血压患者的疾病认知水平及自我管理行为水平。

Effectiveness of health education on cognitive level of disease and self-management behavior among hyperten- sion patients

Objective To explore the effect of health education on awareness and self-management behavior among hypertension patients. Methods 396 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,198 patients in each group,control group was given conventional medical treatment and regular health education,observation group received systemic health education. After 12 months intervention,patients were investigated for level of awareness,self-management behavior and blood pressure changes. Results After intervention,the awareness rates of normal blood pressure（ 73. 2%）,risk factors related to hypertension on obesity and overweight（ 80. 3%）,smoking and drinking（ 74. 7%） and high salt diet（ 82. 3%）,symptoms of hypertension（ 63. 6%）,damage（ 65. 7%）,complications（ 59. 1%） and rational drug use（ 81. 8%） in observation group were significantly higher than that in control group（ P〈 0. 01）. The prevalence rates of self-management behavior of low salt,low fat and light diet（ 77. 3%）,weight control（ 51. 5%）,self-monitoring of blood pressure regularly（ 81. 8%）, quitting cigarettes and alcohol（ 67. 2%）, regular review（ 79. 3%）,long-term regular medication（ 93. 9%）, keeping an open mind（ 75. 3%） and strengthening exercise and sports（ 91. 4%） in observation group were significantly higher than that of control group（ P〈 0. 01）. The values of systolic blood pressure（ 128. 5 ± 8. 7） mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure（ 81. 4 ± 7. 6） mm Hg in observation group were significantly lower than that of control group（ P 〈0. 01）. Conclusion Health education can improve the cognitive level of disease and the level of self-management among hypertension patients.