北京市昌平区居民雾霾天气防御能力与信息需求现状调查

目的了解昌平区居民对雾霾天气的相关知识、防御能力,以及对相关信息的需求。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取昌平区60岁以上的老年人、职业人群、在校学生共1961人,使用自行设计的问卷进行现场调查,采用描述性分析及χ2检验进行数据分析。结果不同人群对雾霾知识知晓情况及健康行为的形成情况不同：在口罩佩戴、口罩清洗及更换方面,老年人知识知晓率分别为79.2%、67.8%,高于职业人群（65.8%、49.1%）和学生（54.7%、45.9%）;老年人在室内空气维护等知识知晓率及＂雾霾天气注意合理开门窗＂等健康行为形成率均高于职业人群和学生。而在雾霾天气出行相关行为：＂出行、户外运动是否减少＂、＂户外出行是否戴口罩＂等问题上,职业人群的健康行为形成率为80.1%、90.2%、65.9%,显著高于老年人（79.2%、80.6%、48.6%）和学生（74.6%、83.4%、54.6%）。不同人群希望了解雾霾相关内容中,＂政府防控举措＂为第一位;调查人群已获取雾霾天气防控信息的途径以昌平电视台为第一位,占43.7%;调查人群希望获取雾霾天气防控信息的途径以电视为第一位,占70.8%;网络为第二位,占58.0%;手机报为第三位,占35.1%;不同人群希望获取雾霾天气防控信息的途径有所差别。结论昌平居民应对雾霾天气具备一定的防御能力,但相关健康知识及行为仍有待提高;应针对不同人群选择不同途径、有针对性的开展雾霾天气防控的健康教育工作,除宣传政府防控雾霾的举措外、个人预防措施是工作核心所在。

Investigation on defense capability and information needs of Haze / fog in Changping District,Beijing

Objective To understand haze related knowledge,defense capability and information needs among Changping residents in Beijing. Methods A total of 1961 people were selected from the elderly（ 60 years）,occupational groups and students by stratified cluster random sampling method. Results The hazerelated knowledge and health behavior among different groups were different： in terms of mask wearing,clearing and replacement,the awareness rates of the elderly were 79. 2% and 67. 8%,which were higher than that of both occupational groups（ 65. 8%,49. 1%）and students（ 54. 7%,45. 9%）. The elderly maintains higher awareness rates of relevant knowledge concerning indoor air quality maintenance and health behavior such as＂reasonable opening windows in haze＂than those of occupational groups and students. On the issues of outdoor behaviors in haze such as reducing going out and outdoor exercises and mask wearing,the formation rates of health behavior of occupational group were 80. 1%,90. 2%,65. 9%,significantly higher than that of the elderly（ 79. 2%,80. 6%,48. 6%） and students（ 74. 6%,83. 4%,54. 6%）. ＂Government prevention and control measures＂was the information they wanted to know firstly. Changping TV was their most important way to obtain the haze prevention and control information,accounting for 43. 7%. The ways they hoped to obtain the prevention and control information of haze were TV, network, mobile phone newspaper, accounting for 70. 8%,58. 0% and 35. 1%, respectively. Different populations hoped to have different ways to get the prevention and control information of haze. Conclusion The residents in Changping District had certain defenses capability of haze,but related health knowledge and behavior were still to be improved. Different targeted prevention health education of haze should be carried out for different people. In addition to publicizing government control measures,personal preventive measures of hazewere the core work.