血液标本检验的质量控制管理

目的分析引起血液标本检验异常的原因,并有针对性地进行质量控制管理,提高血液标本检验准确率。方法 2009年6月至2010年6月,对1 688例献血者进行了对比研究,在采血过程中采集2份样本,溶血样本和不溶血样本共3 376份,通过检查3 376份样本的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和γ谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)水平,并对不同放置时间的不溶血样本进行乙肝、丙肝、梅毒和艾滋病筛查,分析采血方式以及样本放置时间对血液标本检测的影响。结果溶血组的ALT、AST水平明显高于非溶血组,γ-GT水平明显低于非溶血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组样本的ALP水平差异无统计学意义;随着放置时间的增加,乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、梅毒以及艾滋病检出率明显降低,不同时间点的检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论规范采血方式可以有效地提高血液样本检验的准确率,对于血液标本检验具有重要意义。

The control management of quality in blood sample test

Objective To analyze the reasons of abnormality in blood sample test and carry out quality control management for improving the rate of accuracy. Methods A total of 1 688 blood donors from June 2009 to June 2010 were investigated in this study. The blood samples were divided into two-part including the haemolytic and non-hae molytic. The levels of AI.T, AST, AlP, γ-GGT of 3 376 samples were tested, the hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and HIV were determined in different times. The ways of taking blood and the storage period influenced on the samples were analyzed. Results For haemolytic samples,levels of ALT and AST were significance higher than non-haemolytic samples（P%0.05）,the γ-GGT was lower（P〈0. 05） ,there was no significance in the levels of ALP. The detecta ble rates of hepatitis B, hepatitis C,syphilis and HIV were lower when the storage time was longer（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Tile standard ways of taking blood can effectively improve the rate of accuracy,quality control management plays an important role in blood test.