精神科护士工作倦怠与工作压力、应对方式及社会支持的相关性研究

目的 探讨精神科护士的工作倦怠状况及与工作压力、应对方式、社会支持的关系.方法 采用中式工作倦怠量表、护士工作压力源量表、简易应对方式量表、社会支持量表对一所三级精神病专科医院临床护士进行调查.结果 精神科护士的工作倦怠水平为中度,主要问题为情感耗竭（27.01±5.66）分]和成就感降低（17.07±5.59）分],情感耗竭与年龄、护龄、职称、工作压力源5维度、消极应对方式、社会支持的利用度密切相关（r=0.527～-0.239,P〈0.01）,成就感降低与年龄、护龄相关（r=0.301,0.318,P〈0.01）.多元线性回归表明,护龄、工作压力源中患者护理方面的问题和社会支持利用度对情感耗竭影响显著.结论 改变精神科护士的年龄结构,合理应对精神疾病患者的护理问题,充分感知和应用社会支持是缓解精神科护士工作倦怠的重要干预措施.

The correlation study on weary of job, job pressure, coping method and social support for psychiatric nurses

Objective To explore the situation of weary of job of psychiatric nurses and its relationships to working pressure, coping method and social support.Methods Surveys were conducted with the Chinese Maslach Burnout Invertory (CMBI), Nurses Job Stressor Inventory (NJSI), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) and Social Support Scale (SSS) among clinical nurses at Grade-3 Psychosis Special Hospital.Results Job weary levels of psychiatric nurses were moderate, their main problems were emotional exhaustion(27.01 ± 5.66) and reduced personal accomplishment(17.07 ± 5.59).Emotional exhaustion was closely related to age, nursing age, professional title, 5 dimensions of job pressure, passive coping method and social support availability(r = 0.527 ～ - 0.239, P < 0.01), and reduced personal accomplishment to age and nursing age(r = 0.301 0.318, P < 0.01).Multiple linear regressions showed that nursing age and patients' nursing problems and social support availability of job stressors had significant influences on emotional exhaustion.Conclusions Changing the age structure of psychiatric nurses, coping nursing problems of mental disorder patients reasonably and perceiving and utilizing social support sufficiently are important intervening measures relieving job-burnout of psychiatric nurses.