胎盘间充质干细胞向神经细胞诱导的实验研究

目的间充质干细胞(MSCs)具有自我更新和多向分化能力的特点，尽管其主要来源骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)已被认为是治疗多种疾病的良好细胞来源。但在严重感染或随着年龄的增长骨髓细胞数及增殖、分化能力均明显下降等情况下，就无法顺利获得足量可用于治疗的BMSC，有必要寻找MSC的新来源。方法消化胎盘组织、贴壁培养获得基质细胞；用流式细胞仪检测其细胞表面标志；比较叔丁对甲氧酚(butylated hydroxyanisole，BHA)、复方丹参注射液、β-巯基乙醇(BME)等对培养的基质细胞向神经细胞分化的作用；采用免疫细胞化学的方法对分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果胎盘组织中分离出的基质细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞有相似形态和细胞表面标志，并可诱导表达神经元和星型胶质细胞标志神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolasen，NSE)、神经微丝(neurofilament，NF)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrilament acidic protein，GFAP)。结论胎盘组织中存在能分化为神经元样细胞的间充质干细胞。胎盘间充质干细胞可能是一种可为临床治疗提供丰富新来源的间充质干细胞。

Study on the differentiation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and astrocytes

Objective Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have the capability for self-renewal and differentiation into various lineages of tissues.Despite the fact that bone marrow represcents the main available source of MSCs,the use of bone marrow-derived cells is not always acceptable due to the high degree of viral infection and the significant drop in cell number and proliferative/differentiation capacity with age.Thus,the search for possible alternative MSC sources remains to be validated. Methods Stromal cells were isolated from placenta and induced to differetiate into neuron-like or astrocyte-like cells by butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA),salviamiltiorrhiza or BME,the differentiated cells were identified with immunocytochemistry.Results Stromal cells isolated from placenta had the same morphology and markers as bone mesemchymal stem cells and could be induced to differetiate into neuron-like or astrocyte-like cells,exhibit the neuonral phenotype,expressing neuron specificenolase(NSE),neurofilament(NF),MAP-2 and glial fibrillary acid protien(GFAP).Conclusion In placenta,there are MSCs,which can differentiate into neuron-like cells.Placental mesenchymal stem cells could be regarded clinically as an alternative source of MSCs.