Endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea measured by peripheral arterial tone response in the finger to reactive hyperemia

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial functioning in sleep apnea patients using a novel plethysmographic device that monitors peripheral arterial tone response in the finger to reactive hyperemia induced by forearm ischemia. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six sleep apnea patients, 74.0% men, mean age 46.8 +/- 9.3 years, and 17 control subjects without sleep apnea, 64.7% men, mean age 47.1 +/- 6.7 years. SETTING: Eight-bed Technion Sleep Medicine Center in Haifa, Israel. DESIGN: Endothelial functioning assessed by the reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tone index was measured twice, before sleep and after waking from sleep monitored by polysomnography in the laboratory. The reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tone index was calculated as the average amplitude of the peripheral arterial tone signal after the cuff deflation divided by the average amplitude before the cuff inflation. RESULTS: Morning index of endothelial functioning was significantly lower in patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 30) than in patients with mild sleep apnea (30 < apnea-hypopnea index < or = 10) and in the control group without sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index < 10). The morning index was significantly inversely correlated with apnea-hypopnea index. Patients with a history of hypertension or cardiovascular disease had significantly lower morning and evening indexes of endothelial functioning than patients without such a history. Multivariate analysis revealed that apnea-hypopnea index and sleep efficiency were significant predictors of the morning index. CONCLUSION: Measurements of the response of the peripheral arterial tone in the finger to reactive hyperemia can be used as a substitute for the brachial artery ultrasound technique to measure endothelial functioning in patients with sleep apnea.