医学生认知偏差与孤独感相互关系及影响因素研究

目的：探讨医学生认知偏差类型与孤独感水平的相互关系及影响因素。方法整群随机抽取220名医科大学二年级学生，采用认知偏差问卷、情绪-社交孤独问卷进行统一调查。医学生认知偏差类型与情绪-社交孤立状况的相关分析采用Pearson积差相关双尾检验；以情绪-社交孤独总分为因变量，以抑郁-歪曲、非抑郁-歪曲、抑郁-非歪曲、非抑郁-非歪曲四种认知偏差类型为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析；是否独生子女以及城乡来源学生的认知偏差与情绪-社交孤独水平的差别行独立样本t检验。结果抑郁-歪曲的负性认知偏差与医学生情绪孤立（r=0.161，P=0.021）、社交孤立（r=0.266，P=0.000）、情绪孤独（r=0.340，P=0.000）、社交孤独（r=0.385，P=0.000）呈正相关；回归方程为情绪社交孤独总分=27.165＋1.908（抑郁-歪曲）＋0.836（抑郁-非歪曲）。非独生子女在“抑郁-歪曲”（P=0.017）、社交孤立（P=0.001）、情绪孤独（P=0.016）、社交孤独（P=0.000）4个维度上均高于独生子女；农村来源学生情绪-社交孤独4个因子均高于城市来源学生（P〈0.05）。结论医学生的负性认知偏差水平同其情绪与社交孤立状况及孤独感体验存在正相关，回归分析提示不良认知倾向及负性情绪有可能是导致医学生人际障碍的重要原因之一。非独生子女和农村来源学生社交孤独体验较深，且非独生子女存在较明显的负性认知偏差。

Relation between the loneliness levels and cognitive deviation of medical students and its influ-encing factors

Objective To examine the interrelation between the cognitive deviation and loneli-ness levels of medical students and its influencing factors. Methods Totally 220 medical students in grade two of one medical school were selected by method of cluster random sampling. The data of the research were obtained through cognitive bias questionnaire （CBQ） and emotional-social loneliness questionnaire. Interrelation between the cognitive deviation type and condition of emotional-social lone-liness of medical students were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation two-tailed test. Multi-ple stepwise regression analysis was conducted by taking score of emotional-social loneliness as de-pendent variable and score of CBQ as independent variable. Differences in cognitive deviation and loneliness levels between rural and urban students as well as between students from single child family and students from non single child family were analyzed by independent-sample t test. Results Neg-ative cognitive deviation of depression-distortion type was positively correlated with medical students＆#39; emotional isolation （r=0.161, P=0.021）,social isolation （r=0.266,P=0.000）, emotional loneliness （r=0.340, P=0.000） and social loneliness （r=0.385, P=0.000）. The regression equation was： score of emotional-social loneliness=27.165＋1.908 （depression-distortion）＋0.836 （depression-non distortion）.Students from non single child family had higher scores than students from single child family in the perspectives of depression-distortion”（P=0.017）, social isolation（P=0.001）, emotional loneliness（P=0.016）, social loneliness（P=0.000）. Rural students had higher scores in the above four perspectives than urban students（P〈0.05）. Conclusions Negative cognitive deviation levels of medical students is positively correlated with emotion and social isolation conditions and loneliness experiences. Regres-sion analysis shows that unhealthy cognitive disposition and thinking mode probably are one of the im-portant reasons leading to medical students＆#39; stress disorder. Students from single child family and rural area may experience social loneliness more deeply and students from single child family have obvious cognitive deviation.