SARS流行期发热患者的诊治及影响因素分析

目的：对严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)流行期发热患者的病因构成、诊治状况及影响因素进行分析，探讨SARS及发热相关疾病的早期诊断及鉴别诊断方法。方法：将2003年3月15日—5月10日北京大学附属第三医院急诊科接诊的4060例发热患者流行病学及临床资料进行总结分析，并评价其影响因素的作用。结果：4060例发热患者中，被收入隔离病房者275例，145例确诊为SARS(占3．57％)，29例为疑似病例，排除诊断101例。诊断非SARS性肺感染93例，并诊断流行性脑膜炎2例，化脓性脑膜炎8例，流行性出血热3例。结论：SARS高发期发热患者中约90％的病因为流行性感冒或其他病毒感染，非SARS性肺感染及发热相关传染病占有一定比例。应提高发热的鉴别诊断意识和水平，白细胞升高不是排除SARS的诊断依据，X线胸片异常可不与发热同时出现，必须进行胸片复查。

Analysis on diagnosis, treatment and influential factors in fever patients during epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Objective: To analyze the etiology, therapy and influential factors in fever patients during the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), so as to define early and differential diagnosis for SARS from other disease with fever. Methods: The epidemiological and the clinical data of 4 060 patients with fever admitted to the emergency department of the Third Hospitical affiliated to Peking University from March 5th to May 10th in 2003 were analyzed, and their influential factors were evaluated. Results:Of 4 060 patients with fever 275 cases were admitted to the isolated ward, 145 cases were diagnosed as SARS(3.75 percent), 29 belonged to suspected cases, and in 101 cases SARS was ruled out. Ninety-three cases were non-SARS-pneumonia, 2 were epidemic encephalitis, 8 were epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, and 3 cases were epidemic hemonorrhagic fever. Conclusion: During epidemic of SARS, the etiology of fever is influenza or other virus infection in 90 percent of patients. Non-SARS-pneumonia and infectious diseases with fever accounted for certain proportion of patients with fever. Our diagnostic level should be improved. SARS could not be ruled out only by a high white blood cells count. Chest X-ray examination have to be repeated, because abnormal chest X-ray do not always appear at the same time with fever.