常见实验动物雌性生殖系统比较组织学及自发病变研究

目的对实验动物雌性生殖系统进行比较组织学研究，找出其异同，为实验动物的基础研究提供正常组织学对照。并对其自发病变进行观察。方法选取实验动物质量国家检测标准检测合格的已经性成熟的5种雌性实验动物，包括昆明小鼠、sD大鼠、日本大耳白兔、比格犬、树嗣。处死行病理解剖，常规病理制片，HE染色，免疫组化染色，研究卵巢、输卵管、子宫及宫颈的组织学异同及有无自发病变。结果（1）卵巢组织学比较，日本大耳白兔各级卵泡数量最多，其次为昆明小鼠次级及成熟卵泡数量较多，sD大鼠黄体及白体数量最多，sD大鼠、比格犬卵巢门部明显。（2）输卵管组织学比较，比格犬输卵管上皮高度发达，呈乳头状交织成网。（3）子宫组织学比较，比格犬内膜层及肌层厚度最厚，而昆明小鼠内膜层及肌层最薄。从子宫内膜层腺体密度比较，树驹子宫内膜层腺体密度最大。（4）宫颈组织学比较，昆明小鼠、SD大鼠、比格犬宫颈粘膜均为鳞状上皮，并且无宫颈固有粘液腺体，日本大耳白兔及树鼢粘膜均为粘液柱状上皮，成乳头状排列，并且具有宫颈固有粘液腺体，但数量较少。（5）极少数实验动物存在炎症、溃疡、钙化、含铁血黄素沉积等自发病变。结论实验动物雌性生殖系统存在比较组织学的差异性，在进行动物实验和实验动物病理检测时应予考虑。

Comparative histologic study of female reproduction system and pathological observation of spontaneous lesions in Common Laboratory animals

Objective To investigate the comparetive histology of female reproductive system of common laboratory animals, and to find out the similarities and differences among them to provide normal histologic controls for the basic research of the laboratory animal study. Methods Five kinds of animals, i. e. , Kunming mice ,SD rats, Japanese big ear rabbit, Beagle and tree shrews, which all reaching sexual maturity and their quality all meeting the national quality standards of the laboratory animal inspection, were selected to undergo pathological anatomy, pathological slices - making, conventional HE staining, immunohistochemical staining after painless death for the research of the histological similarities and differences on the ovary, oviduct, uterus and cervix uteri and spontaneous lesions among them under microscope. Results （ 1 ） Comparison of ovarian histology： The maximum number of follicle at all levels is found in Japanese big ear rabbit, followed by kunming mice in the mumber of the secondary and mature follicle, the maximum number of corpus luteum and white body is found in SD rat, and the ovarian hilum in SD rats and beagle is more obvious than that of others. （2） Comparison of oviduct histology： Oviduct epithelium of beagle is highly developed, showing a network interwoven by papillary epithelium. （3） Comparison of uterus histology ：The thickest of the endometrium layer and muscular layer is found in Beagle, while the thinnest of the endometrium layer and muscle layer is found in Kunming mice. And the greatest density of the endometrial gland is found in tree shrews. （4） Comparison of cervical histology： The cervixes of Kunming mice, SD rats and beagle are all covered with squamous epithelium and without cervical mucus glands, while the cervixes of Japanese big ear rabbit and tree shrews are covered with mucus columnar epithelium, showing papillary arrangement, and with a few inherent cervical mucus glands. （5）A handful of laboratory animals are attacked by inflammation, ulcers, calcification, hemosiderin deposition and some spontaneous lesions. Conclusion There are some histologic differences in the female reproductive system of laboratory animals, so this should be take into account in experiments and related pathology inspection of laboratory animals.