常用抗癫(癎)药物对大鼠认知功能的影响

目的研究常用抗癫癎药物(AEDs)对大鼠认知功能的影响。方法选用健康雄性青春期SD大鼠70只,随机均分为7组。随机选取1组作为正常对照组(NS组),其余6组用戊四氮(PTZ)点燃,致癎后随机选取1组作为癫癎对照组(PTZ组),其余5组分别给予卡马西平(CBZ组)、苯妥英钠(PHT组)、丙戊酸钠(VPA组)、妥泰(TPM组)及拉莫三嗪(LTG组)以控制癫癎发作。治疗2周后采用Morris水迷宫进行认知功能测试。统计学处理采用方差分析。结果TPM组大鼠完成每次测试所用时间大多长于其他6组。TPM组每天测试所用时间均明显长于PTZ、CBZ、VPA和LTG组(P值均<0.05)。将各组之间完成6次测试总时间进行两两比较,TPM组明显长于其他6组(P值均<0.01),PHT组明显长于其余5组(P值分别<0.05、0.01);LTG组明显短于其他6组(P值分别<0.05、0.01)。将各组之间完成4 d测试总时间进行两两比较,TPM组均明显长于CBZ、VPA、PTZ和LTG组(P值分别<0.05、0.01)。TPM组大鼠定向寻找平台象限的时间明显长于其他6组(P值均<0.01)。TPM组定向逗留平台象限的时间明显短于CBZ和LTG组(P值分别<0.05、0.01)。结论TPM和PHT损害大鼠的认知功能,VPA、CBZ和LTG对大鼠的认知功能有一定改善作用。

Effect of commonly used antiepileptic drugs on cognitive functions of rats with pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy

Objective To observe the effect of antiepileptic drugs on the cognitive functions of rats with induced epilepsy.Methods Seventy male SD rats in their puberty were randomized into 7 groups,namely,the normal control group(NS group),untreated epileptic group(pentylenetetrazole,PTZ group),carbamazepine (CBZ)group,valproate sodium(VPA)group,phenytoin(PHT)group,topiramate(TPM)group,and lamotrigine (LTG)group.Except for those in the NS group,the rats in the other 6 groups were subjected to PTZ kindling followed by a two-week treatment with the corresponding antiepileptic drugs(AEDs),after which the cognitive functions of the rats were evaluated with Morris water maze.Results The average latency to find the hidden plat- form was longer for the rats in TPM group than those in the other 6 groups,and in the test on each day,the ave- rage latency in the TPM group was significantly longer than those in PTZ,CBZ,VPA,and LTG groups (P<0.05).The rats in TPM group showed the longest mean total latency in 6 independent tests(P<0.01),followed by PFT group(P<0.05,0.01),whereas LTG group had the shortest latency.Comparison between the mean total latency of the test on 4 separate days showed that TPM group had longer latency than CBZ,VPA,and PTZ groups(P<0.05)as well as LTG group(P<0.01).The rats in TPM group showed prolonged time than those in the other groups to find the platform quadrant(P<0.01 for all),and had shorter average stay in the quadrant than CBZ(P<0.05) and LTG groups(P<0.01).Conclusion TPM and PHT damage the cognitive functions of epileptic rats,but VPA,CBZ,LTG and PTZ may improve their cognitive functions.