ELISA法检测尿液中HIV-1抗体的研究分析

目的 探讨艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者晨尿、非晨尿和血液中HIV-1抗体检测结果的一致性，引进尿液HIV-1抗体检测方法。方法 平行采集吸毒人员血液和尿液标本，分别用血液和尿液酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测HIV抗体，阳性血清标本送云南省疾病预防控制中心确认。结果 检测483人，血检阳性91人，晨尿检测阳性96人，两种方法一致性98．96％。对应晨尿阳性者采集非晨尿和阴性对照尿液标本各91份(其中血液标本检测HIV抗体阳性者86份)，检出阳性86份，阴性5份，非晨尿标本与血液标本检测结果一致。以血液标本检测结果为准，晨尿标本检测HIV-1抗体的灵敏度100％，特异度98．72％；非晨尿标本检测HIV-1抗体的灵敏度和特异度均为100％。结论 尿液ELISA法检测HIV-1抗体结果可靠，非晨尿可代替晨尿作HIV-1抗体筛查。

Analysis of HIV-1 antibody in urine samples detected by ELISA

objective To compare the consistency of the results of detecting HIV-1 antibody in the grouped morning-urine,common-urine and serum specimens and to introduce the common-urine test.Methods The grouped morning-urine and serum samples of drug users were collected and HIV-1 antibodies in them were screened by urine and serum ELISA kits,respectively.The positive specimens were retested by the Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention in Yunnan.Results Of the 483 serum samples,91 samples showed positive reaction;of the 483 morning-urine samples,96 showed positive reaction.The consistency of testing results was 98.96%.Of the 91 common-urine specimens which were collected from the 91 men or women with positive morning-urine,86 showed positive reaction,5 showed negative reaction,and the consistenncy of serum samples and common-urine samples was 100%.Taking the results of the serum samples tested as standard,the sensitivity of the morning-urine specimen by HIV-1 test kit was 100%,the specificity was 98.72%,and the sensitivity and specificity of common urine sample were both 100%.Conclusion The results of common-urine specimen tested by ELISA kit were reliable.So the common-urine specimen can replace the morning-urine specimen to screen the HIV-1 antibody.