先天性嗜酒大鼠的饮酒行为特性

目的系统考察先天性嗜酒(FH/Wjd)大鼠嗜酒的行为特性。方法采用双瓶(5%或10%乙醇和自来水)自由选择的方法,观察FH/Wjd大鼠的饮酒量、饮水量和乙醇偏爱率,并进一步探讨FH/Wjd大鼠饮酒的昼夜差异性;在乙醇剥夺实验中,研究乙醇剥夺24h对FH/Wjd大鼠饮酒量和乙醇偏爱率的影响;选用固定比率(FR1)实验程序,探讨FH/Wjd大鼠操作性自身饮酒的行为特点。结果在双瓶自由选择饮酒实验中,给予5%乙醇,大鼠的饮酒量为(4.3±0.2)g·kg-1·d-1,饮水量为(20.1±2.3)g·kg-1·d-1,乙醇偏爱率为(82.9±2.0)%;给予10%乙醇,大鼠的饮酒量为(6.4±0.2)g·kg-1·d-1,饮水量为(37.2±2.7)g·kg-1·d-1,乙醇偏爱率为(69.2±2.0)%,与5%乙醇相比较,饮酒量和饮水量显著增大,但乙醇偏爱率明显降低。FH/Wjd大鼠的饮酒行为呈明显的昼夜节律,夜间饮酒量和乙醇偏爱率均显著高于白天,夜间饮水量虽呈增加趋势,但差异无显著性。FH/Wjd大鼠乙醇剥夺24h,再次给酒后1h的饮酒量增加37.7%,乙醇偏爱率增加22.1%;再次给酒后24h的饮酒量增加15.6%,乙醇偏爱率存在增高趋势,但差异无显著性。FH/Wjd大鼠操作性自身饮酒行为训练13d后,连续测试3d,操作性饮酒行为的偏爱率为49%～64%。结论FH/Wjd大鼠具有饮酒量大和乙醇偏爱率高的特点,存在明显的乙醇剥夺效应,并可在短期内建立操作性自身饮酒行为,是一种理想的先天嗜酒动物模型。

Characteristics of alcohol-preferring behavior in FH/Wjd rats

AIM To investigate the characteristics of alcohol-preferring behavior in FH/Wjd rats. METHODS Two-bottle free choice test (5% or 10% ethanol and tap water) was employed to determine the ethanol intake, water intake and ethanol preference, through which the day-night difference of ethanol drinking in FH/Wjd rats was explored. In ethanol deprivation experiment, the effects of 24 h deprivation on ethanol intake and preference in FH/Wjd rats were measured. The operant ethanol self-administration of FH/Wjd rats was observed under fixed ratio (FR1) procedure. RESULTS In two-bottle test, the daily ethanol intake, water intake, and ethanol preference of FH/Wjd rats were （4.3±0.2）g·kg^-1·d^-1, （20.1±2.3）g·kg^-1·d^-1, and （82.9±2.0）%, respectively in 5% ethanol group and （6.4± 0.2）g·kg^-1·d^-1, （37.2±2.7）g·kg^-1·d^-1 and （69.2±2.0）%, respectively in 10% ethanol group. It demonstrated the ethanol and water intake of FH/Wjd rats in 10% ethanol group was more, but the ethanol preference of them was lower than those in 5％ethanol group. The ethanol intake and preference of FH/Wjd rats in night were higher than that in day. There was no day-night difference in water intake. Ethanol deprivation for 24 h produced a significant increase in ethanol intake and ethanol preference in the first hour and 24 h of re-access in FH/Wjd rats. They also substantially increased their ethanol preference in the first hour but not 24 h of re-exposed to ethanol. After 13 training days, the preference of operant ethanol self-administration of FH/Wjd rats was 49%-64％ during 3 test days, which demonstrated that ethanol seeking behavior was successfully established in FH/Wjd rats. CONCLUSION FH/Wjd rats which showed high ethanol intake and preference, robust ethanol deprivation effect, and could develop operant ethanol self-administration behavior in short time, can be used as a genetic animal model of alcoholism.