孕产妇乙肝表面抗原阳性筛查及筛查后健康干预现况调查

目的:了解孕产妇乙肝表面抗原筛查及筛查后对HBsAg阳性孕产妇实施健康干预的现况。方法:采用等容量抽样法,在贵州省黔东南州抽取8个县,每个县随机抽取1家县级医院,随机抽取82名2010年分娩且HBsAg阳性的孕产妇作为调查对象开展现场调查。结果:黔东南州孕产妇HBsAg筛查率为97.68%,HBsAg阳性率为6.14%。在82名HBsAg阳性的被调查者中,仅54.88%的人知道自己在孕产期曾做过HBsAg的筛查,26.83%的人仍不知道自己是HBsAg感染者;48.78%的人被告知要忌烟酒,47.56%的人被告知必要时需要治疗;39.02%的人被告知HBsAg阴性的家庭成员需要接种乙肝疫苗;69.52%的人被告知接种乙肝疫苗可预防乙肝。82名孩子中仅14.63%的孩子接受了高剂量乙肝疫苗的接种,11.76%的孩子同时接种了乙肝免疫球蛋白。虽然98.78%的人都愿意在全程接种后对孩子抽血进行乙肝免疫效果的检测,但实际上仅19.51%的孩子在接种后进行了检测。结论:在贵州省黔东南州孕产妇HBsAg筛查率较高,但HBsAg阳性孕产妇对筛查知识了解较少,在筛查后得到的健康干预和帮助较少。建议完善孕产妇HBsAg筛查规范,加强落实对孕产妇及孩子的健康干预。

Cross-sectional investigation on HBsAg screening and health intervention after screening among pregnant women

Objective:To understand the current situations of HBsAg screening among pregnant women and health intervention after screening among the pregnant women with positive HBsAg. Methods:Constant-volume sampling method was used to select eight counties from Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture,a hospital at county level was randomly selected from each county;82 pregnant women with positive HBsAg who gave birth to their babies in 2010 were selected as survey objects,cross sectional investigation was carried out. Results:The screening rate of HBsAg among the pregnant women in Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture was 97.68%,and the positive rate of HBsAg was 6.14%.Among 82 pregnant women with positive HBsAg,only 54.88% of them knew that themselves had received HBsAg screening during pregnancy,26.83% of them still didn’t know that themselves were infected by HBV;48.78% of them were informed to stop smoking and drinking,47.56% of them were informed to treat on occasion,39.02% of them were informed that the family members of the pregnant women with negative HBsAg needed to inoculate hepatitis B vaccine,69.52% of them were informed that hepatitis B vaccine could prevent hepatitis B.Among 82 children born by the pregnant women with positive HBsAg,only 14.63% of them received high-dose hepatitis B vaccine,11.76% of them received hepatitis B immunoglobulin.Only 19.51% of the children received examination after vaccination,although 98.78% of the persons wanted to examinate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine among the children by drawing blood after vaccine. Conclusion:The screening rate of HBsAg among the pregnant women in Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou province was relatively high,but the cognition rate of the pregnant women with positive HBsAg to screening knowledge was relatively low,and the health intervention and help they got after screening were deficient.It is suggested to enhance and carry out health intervention for pregnant women and their children.