汽车正向碰撞所致交通伤的实验研究

目的应用实车碰撞模拟轿车驾驶员无防护状态下的交通伤，探讨轿车正向高速碰撞交通伤的发生情况和伤情特点。方法杂种大白猪8只随机分为4组，分别将猪以坐姿固定于驾驶员座椅上，以49，64，72，80km／h的行驶速度正向与壁障相撞，观察伤后猪存活情况、器官组织形态学改变以及伤情特点。结果伤后猪5min内死亡2只，11，15min各死亡1只，4只存活4h以上。损伤类型主要为撞击伤和挤压伤，形态学改变主要表现为躯体部分挤压毁损、体腔破裂、肢体离断骨折，心、肺、肝、脾、胃肠等器官均有不同程度损伤、破裂和出血，伤后肺含水量明显增多。实验猪均存在多发伤和胸腹联合伤。结论车辆正向碰撞极其危险，多发伤发生率高，伤情复杂、严重，多合并有重要脏器损伤。

Experimental study of traffic injuries caused by frontal crashes of cars

Objective To establish an injury model of drivers without seal bell protection by assimilating car crashes and investigate the occurrence and characteristics of injuries caused by frontal crashes of cars. Methods Eight adult swine were divided into four groups and stabilized on the driver seat in a sitting position. Then, the cars' frontal parts crashed against the wall at speed of 49, 64, 72, 80 km/h, respectively so as to observe swine survival rate, morphologic changes and injury characteristics. Results Two swine died within five minutes after injury, one after 11 minutes and one after 15 minutes. While four swine survived for more than four hours. Injuries were mainly caused by impact and crush. Morphologic changes included general or local lesions, cavity rupture, extremities dissected or fractured, various degrees of rupture and hemorrhage of the heart, the lungs, the kidney and the gastrointestinal organs as well as increased pulmonary water content. The light microscope showed cell deformation and necrosis , patch dissolution, large exudates of erythrocytes, endothelium injuries and diffusive edema in tissue sections. Each swine had 7. 25 injuries on average. The animals were subjected to multiple and thora-coabdominal injuries. Conclusions Frontal car crashes are extremely dangerous, with high incidence rate of multiple traffic injuries if drivers do not have seat belt protection. These injuries are severe and u-sually complicated by injuries of vital organs.