Cranberry juice suppressed the diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes, but not in healthy human subjects

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT
• Cranberry juice has a significant inhibitory effect on CYP2C9 activity in vitro , whereas it shows a minimal effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate in vivo .
• Information regarding the interaction between cranberry juice and other medications metabolized by CYP2C9 is limited.
WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS
• Cranberry juice suppressed the metabolism of diclofenac, another CYP2C9 substrate, by human liver microsomes.
• Pharmacokinetic parameters of diclofenac were not altered by cranberry juice consumption in human subjects.  

AIM

To investigate a potential interaction between cranberry juice and diclofenac, a substrate of CYP2C9.  

METHODS

The inhibitory effect of cranberry juice on diclofenac metabolism was determined using human liver microsome assay. Subsequently, we performed a clinical trial in healthy human subjects to determine whether the repeated consumption of cranberry juice changed the diclofenac pharmacokinetics.  

RESULTS

Cranberry juice significantly suppressed diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes. On the other hand, repeated consumption of cranberry juice did not influence the diclofenac pharmacokinetics in human subjects.  

CONCLUSIONS

Cranberry juice inhibited diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes, but not in human subjects. Based on the present and previous findings, we think that although cranberry juice inhibits CYP2C9 activity in vitro , it does not change the pharmacokinetics of medications metabolized by CYP2C9 in clinical situations.