内皮细胞应力反应元件的研究进展

内皮细胞能对力学刺激发生反应，流体切应力能直接调节内皮细胞基因的表达，现已发现内皮细胞内受切应力调节的基因有20多种。目前认为其调节机制是通过存在于基因的启动子内并且能够被切应力所诱导的启动基因转录的顺式调控元件－－应力反应元件来调节基因的转录。目前已知的应力反应元件至少涉及4种转录因子的结合位点及10余种受切应力调控的相关基因。这4种转录因子分别是：（1）NF－κB；（2）AP－1；（3）Egr-1和（4）SP1。对应力反应元件的基序及基序结合蛋白的鉴定有待进一步的深入，以后还可能有效的应力反应元件被发现。在采用基因疗法来调控血管壁不同区段基因表达这方面已进行了有益的探索，显示出良好的前景。

The Studay on the Shear Stress Responsive Element in Endothelial Cells

Vascular endothelial cells, by virtue of their unique anatomical position, are constantly exposed to the fluid mechanical forces generated by flowing blood. The fluid forces could influence endothelial cell's gene expression. At a molecular level, fluid shear stress is known to increase or decrease the expression of a wide variety of genes. The shear stress responsive element(SSRE) was proposed after the identification of the first SSRE , the GAGACC sequence identified in the platelet derived growth factor(PDGF) B chain promoter and subsequently identified in other genes whose promoters respond to shear stress. In addition, there are the existence of other positive shear responsive regulatory elements. There is a report on the activation of these promoters in vitro and in vivo and propose an application of these mechanically inducible promoters in the treatment of vascular diseases.