微波长期辐射对雄性生殖的影响研究

目的:探讨微波长期辐射对雄性大鼠生殖的影响。方法:100只二级雄性Wistar大鼠经平均功率密度为0、2.5、5和10 mW/cm2微波辐射4周(5次/周、6 min/次),于辐射后6 h、7 d、14 d、28 d和60 d,动态观测血清睾酮,睾丸指数、组织学和超微结构及附睾精子畸形率的变化。结果:2.5、5 mW/cm2微波辐射28 d[(10.20±4.31))ng/ml,(5.56±3.47)ng/ml]和10 mW/cm2辐射后28 d[(7.53±4.54)ng/ml]及60 d[(15.95±9.54)ng/ml]血清睾酮浓度较对照组[(23.35±8.06)ng/ml,(31.40±9.56)ng/ml]明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);3种剂量微波辐射后6 h～60 d,睾丸指数未见明显变化,但均出现不同程度生精细胞变性坏死脱落、生精上皮变薄、精子减少或缺失等改变,以辐射后28 d及60 d明显;5 mW/cm2辐射后7 d和60 d,超微结构见各级生精细胞线粒体肿胀、空化,精原细胞和Leydig细胞染色质凝集边移;附睾精子畸形率均呈增加趋势,其中2.5 mW/cm2辐射后7 d,5 mW/cm2辐射后60 d,10 mW/cm2辐射7 d、28 d、60 d附睾精子畸形率明显增加(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:微波长期辐射可引起雄性大鼠生殖损伤,与辐射剂量呈正相关,并具有明显的远后效应。

Long-term microwave radiation affects male reproduction in rats

Objective：To investigate the effect of long-term microwave radiation on male reproduction in rats.Methods：A total of 100 male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0,2.5,5 and 10 mW/cm2 for 4 weeks,5 times a week and 6 minutes per time.Changes in serum testosterone,testicular index,histology and ultrastructure,and the percentage of teratospermia in the epididymis were observed dynamically at 6 h,7 d,14 d,28d and 60 d after the exposure.Results：There was a significant decrease in serum testosterone concentration at 28 d after microwave radiation at 2.5,5 and 10 mW/cm2（[10.20±4.31] ng/ml,[5.56±3.47] ng/ml and [7.53±4.54] ng/ml） and at 60 d at 10 mW/cm2（[15.95±9.54] ng/ml）,as compared with the control group（[23.35±8.06] ng/ml and [31.40±9.56] ng/ml）（P0.05 or P0.01）.No significant changes were found in the testis index at 6 h-60 d after microwave radiation at the three doses,but different degrees of degeneration,necrosis and shedding of spermatogenic cells,thinning of spermatogenic epithelia,and decrease or deletion of spermatozoa were observed,and more obvious at 28 d and 60 d.Swelling and cavitation of mitochondria in all spermatogenic cells,agglutination and margin translocation of nuclear chromatin in the spermatogonial and Leydig cells were seen at 7 d and 60d after 5 mW/cm2 microwave radiation.The rate of teratospermia of the epididymis was increased,more obviously at 7 d after 2.5,5 mW/cm2,60 d after 5 mW/cm2,and 7 d,28 d and 60 d after 10 mW/cm2 microwave radiation（P0.05 or P0.01）.Conclusion：Long-term microwave radiation may cause injury to male reproduction,which is positively correlated with the radiation dose,and has an obvious late effect.