Effect of physical consistency of food on the biomechanical behaviour of the mandible in the growing rat

This study investigated the effect of a soft diet, given to growing rats, on the biomechanical behaviour of the mandible. Female rats, 30 d of age, received an ordinary diet in the form of pellets (i.e. hard‐diet group), and another group of female rats received the same diet, but ground and mixed with water, forming a paste (i.e. soft‐diet group). The experiment lasted 8 wk. Body‐weight and body‐length gains were not affected by the consistency of the diet. No significant differences were found between groups concerning the length, height, and area of the right hemimandible. Mechanical properties of the right hemimandibles were determined using a three‐point bending test, in which bones were stressed on a perpendicular line immediately posterior to the posterior face of the third molar. Structural properties (load at yielding, load at fracture, structural stiffness, and elastic energy absorption) and geometric properties of the fracture section (cross‐sectional area, cortical area, and moment of inertia) were significantly lower in hemimandibles of rats of the soft‐diet group than in those of rats of the hard‐diet group. Material properties of the mandibular bone tissue (elastic modulus and maximal elastic stress), which were estimated through appropriate equations, did not differ between groups. It was concluded that the reduced physical consistency of the diet, possibly associated with a reduced masticatory load, diminished the skeletal load‐bearing capacity of the mandible in growing rats. This observed reduction in the bone structural behaviour was attributed to changes occurring at the level of bone mass and its geometrical properties because intrinsic properties of the bone material tissue were unaffected.