21世纪骨科领域新技术--微创外科

近年来,微创技术在骨科领域的应用日益广泛。骨折治疗的观念正在由生物力学向生物学微创固定转变,关节镜介导的微创技术在临床上的应用取得了惊人的发展,内镜介导的微创脊柱外科治疗技术显示了良好的发展前景,四肢和脊柱疾患的经皮微创技术取得了长足进步,计算机辅助的手术导航系统、手术模拟系统、远程会诊和远程机器人遥控手术等微创技术受到了广泛的关注,将微创技术应用于显微外科,已成为减少供区破坏、保存美观的有效手段。新的影像技术和介入放射技术的发展,为微创技术在骨科领域的应用提供了强有力的手段,激光、射频消融、微波、冷冻、聚焦超声等新的治疗手段和纳米技术、基因治疗的发展及组织工程研究的深入为骨科疾患的微创治疗拓展了更为广阔的发展空间。因此,21世纪的微创外科具有诱人的前景,可望成为骨科领域新的生长点。

A new technique of orthopaedics in 21st century - minimally invasive surgery

Recent years have witnessed an extre mely rapid development in minimally invasive surgery(MIS).It is widely accepted that treatmen t of bone fractures should be shifted from biomechanical fixation to biological fixation in order to gain a minimal invasion and good function al recovery.Minimally invasive tec hniques have been widely applied in clinics,such as procedures assisted by arthr oscope in orthopedics and endoscope in spine surgery,percutaneous treatm ent of the fractures and diseases of l imbs and spines.They have also been enhanced by the computer-assisted s urgical navigation system,surgical simulation system,telepresence c onsul-tation system and robotic remote-co ntrol surgery.Application of MIS in microsurgery has been documented to be able to decrease the notorious donor site morbidity while maintaining th e quality and costs of outcomes.Adva nces in image technique and intervention al radiology have greatly improved minimally invasive methods to be used in orthopedics.MIS has also found new p ossible and potential therapeutic means in such technologies as laser,microwave,cryoablation,ultrason ofocusing,nanotechnology,gene th erapy and tissue engineering.In short,since the scope of MIS will keep on exp anding during the 21st century,it is certain that MIS will see an in-creasingly bright future and become a mainstay in orthopedics.