北京地区儿童末梢血微量元素与血铅分布特点及相互关系的研究

目的 了解北京地区不同年龄、不同性别儿童的微量元素和血铅含量的变化规律及其相互关系.方法 采用原子吸收光谱法对13 929名儿童进行末梢血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁及铅的检测.按照儿童发育情况分为幼婴组、婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组、青春发育期组;每个组又分成男、女两组.分析比较不同年龄组和不同性别之间的微量元素分布及元素之间的相互关系.结果 末梢血铜、钙、镁在不同年龄组及各年龄组的不同性别间分布水平的差异无统计学意义.末梢血锌含量水平随年龄增长逐渐增高,平均含量为(81.71±15.91)μmol/L,分布水平在各个年龄组间的差异均有统计学意义,且在婴儿组、幼儿组及学龄前组存在性别差异;儿童缺锌率随年龄增长呈下降趋势,总缺锌率为13.7%;在幼儿组、学龄前组及学龄组的男、女缺锌率的差异有统计学意义.末梢血铁含量随年龄增长逐渐增高,平均含量为(8.28±0.78)mmol/L,在婴儿组以后分布水平存在年龄差异,学龄组以后存在性别差异;儿童缺铁率随年龄增长呈明显的下降趋势,总缺铁率为12.9%;在幼婴期、学龄期及青春发育期组男、女缺铁率差异有统计学意义.血铅水平随年龄增长逐渐增高,平均血铅水平为(59.97±26.52)μg/L;各年龄组之间的差异有统计学意义;幼儿组以后存在性别差异;儿童铅中毒随年龄增长呈增加趋势,总的铅中毒率为8.2%;各年龄组儿童铅中毒率呈男性高于女性,男童铅中毒率随年龄增长基本呈直线上升趋势.除幼婴组和婴儿组外,其他年龄组男、女铅中毒率差异有统计学意义,其中学龄前、学龄期和青春发育期组男、女差异更为显著.结论 北京地区儿童钙缺乏已基本纠正,但锌、铁缺乏较为明显,血铅水平普遍较高.

Study on the distribution and correlation of trace elements in whole blood of children in Beijing

Objective To study the distribution and correlation of trace elements in peripheral blood of children in Beijing so as to offer scientific evidence for the supplementation of trace elements and to prevent lead intoxication. Methods Contents of trace elements in whole blood of 13 929 children in Beijing region were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. According to developmental condition, children were divided into young infancy group, infancy group, toddler's age group, preschool age group, school age group and adolescence group. Every group was divided into males and females. Distribution and correlation of trace elements in different age groups and in different sex sets were then analyzed and compared. Results The level of copper, calcium and magnesium were stable in different age groups and in different sex sets.There were no obvious significant differences in age groups and sex sets and there were no deficiency of copper, calcium and magnesium discovered. The level of zinc increased gradually following the growth of age and the level of zinc was (81.71±15.91)μmol/L. There were significant differences in different age groups noticed as well in sex sets of infancy group, toddler's age group and preschool age group. The rate of deficiency of zinc decreased gradually following the growth of age. The rate of zinc deficiency was 13.7% and there were obvious differences noticed in sex sets of toddler, preschool and school age groups. The level of iron increased gradually following the growth of age with the level of iron as (8.28±0.78)mmol/L.There were significant differences noticed in different age groups, after infancy stage. There was significant difference noticed also in sex sets after school age group. The rate of iron deficiency decreased obviously following the growth of age. The iron deficiency rate was 12.9%, and significantly different in sex sets of young infancy, school age and adolescence groups. The level of lead increased gradually following the growth of age, with the overall level as (59.97±26.52)μg/L; There was an obvious significant differences noticed in different age groups with significant differences noticed in sex sets after toddler's age group. The rate of lead intoxication increased gradually following the growth of age. The rate of lead intoxication was 8.2%. There were significant differences noticed in sex sets after toddler's age group.However, there were negative correlations noticed among the levels of lead and copper, zinc, calcium,magnesium and iron. There were no correlations between the level of calcium and iron found but showed positive correlation among other trace elements. Conclusion The deficiency of calcium was basically corrected but the deficiency of zinc and iron were still obvious. There was a high level of lead noticed in these children. It is important to advocate on healthy feeding program, on culture good hygienic habit and on away from the lead pollution sites.