Behavioral sensitization to ethanol does not result in cross-sensitization to NMDA receptor antagonists

Rationale Fluoxetine is used to treat unipolar depression and is thought to act by increasing the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the synaptic cleft, leading to increased serotonin signaling. The 5-HT_2A/2C receptor subtypes are coupled to a phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂). We hypothesized that chronic fluoxetine would increase the brain activity of PLA₂ and the turnover rate of arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat.Materials and methods To test this hypothesis, rats were administered fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. In the unanesthetized rat, [1-¹⁴C]AA was infused intravenously and arterial blood plasma was sampled until the animal was killed at 5 min and its brain was subjected to chemical, radiotracer, or enzyme analysis.Results Using equations from our fatty acid model, we found that chronic fluoxetine compared with vehicle increased the turnover rate of AA within several brain phospholipids by 75–86%. The activity and protein levels of brain cytosolic PLA₂ (cPLA₂) but not of secretory or calcium-independent PLA₂ were increased in rats administered fluoxetine. In a separate group of animals that received chronic fluoxetine followed by a 3-day saline washout, the turnover of AA and activity and protein levels of cPLA₂ were not significantly different from controls. The protein levels of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 as well as the concentration of prostaglandin E₂ in rats chronically administered fluoxetine did not differ significantly from controls.Conclusion The results support the hypothesis that fluoxetine increases the cPLA₂-mediated turnover of AA within brain phospholipids.