北京友谊医院1998～2001年轮状病毒哨点监测分析

目的 了解5岁以下儿童中以医院为基础的轮状病毒流行情况。方法 按WHO轮状病毒监测的通用方法(CID-98)进行，轮状病毒检测采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳／酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。毒株分型用ELISA／逆转录聚合酶链反应。结果从1998年4月至2001年3月收集的484份腹泻患儿粪便标本中，检出阳性标本：123份，总的轮状病毒感染检出率为25．4％，住院和门诊患儿检出率分别是31．6％和27．3％，而在轮状病毒流行季节，则可以引起高达46．2％急性腹泻住院率。腹泻患儿发病呈现两个明显的季节高峰：一个由细菌性痢疾引起的夏季(6～9月)发病高峰，另一个是轮状病毒感染腹泻造成的秋冬季(10～12月)发病高峰。轮状病毒感染96．8％发生于3岁以下幼儿，主要在6～11月龄(38．2％)和1～2岁(28．5％)年龄组，轮状病毒感染率在6～35月龄年龄段最高。流行的轮状病毒G血清型依次为G1(55．3％)、G2(26．8％)、G3(9．8％)和G4(0．8％)，没有发现G9型，10份(8．1％)标本未能分型，混合感染(0．8％)罕见。结论 轮状病毒腹泻是北京市儿童的重要传染病，开发应用安全有效的轮状病毒疫苗将对减轻轮状病毒疾病负担有重要作用。

Epidemiological study of rotavirus diarrhea in Beijing, China-a hospita-l based surveillance from1998-2001??

Objective To provide information on epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Beijing, China. Methods An ongoing hospital-based surveillance was conducted among children <5yr old with acute diarrhea according to WHO generic protocol (CID-98). During a 3-year study (Apr. 1998 to Mar. 2001), a total of 484 stool samples were collected from 1 457 patients, including 275 samples from 1 048 outpatients and 209 samples from 409 inpatients. Results The overall detection rate of rotavirus infection was 25.4%. Rotavirus was responsible for 27.3% of diarrhea inpatients on a yearly base, and 46.2% during rotavirus season. Two peaks of diarrhea were observed each year, one in the summer (Jun.-Sep.) due to bacterial dysentery (16.7%) and another in fall winter (Oct.-Dec.) due to rotavirus infection ( 23.0 %). The detection rate on rotavirus was the highest in age group of 6-11 months ( 38.2 %), followed by 1-2 years old (28.5%). Ninety six point eight percentage of children were infected under 3 years of age. The unmber of deaths, possibly caused by rotavirus diarrhea were accounted for 40% of all diarrhea deaths and 11.1 % of the total deaths. Serotyping of 123 rotavirus isolates showed that serotype G1 (55.3%) was predominant, followed by G2 (26.8%), G3 (9.8%), G4 (0.8%), and 10 isolates (8.1%) remained non-typeable. Mixed infections (0.8%) seemed to be rare. Conclusion Rotavirus diarrhea was an important infectious disease among children in Beijing. Safe and effective rotavirus vaccines for the prevention of severe diarrheas and the reduction of treatment costs are of significant importance to China.