中文版《独处偏好量表》的信效度检验

目的检验"独处偏好量表"(Preference for Solitude Scale,PSS)中文版的适用性。方法通过对原始问卷"翻译-回译"形成中文版,选取317名大学生进行测试,其中44人在2周后进行重测。结果 1PSS的Kuder-Richardson 20(K-R20)系数为0.72,2周后重测信度为(r=0.92);2探索性因素分析显示,该量表分为独处需要/享受、独处价值及独处方式偏好3个因子;3聚合与区分效度分析显示独处需要/享受与孤独感、社交回避/苦恼、交往焦虑、抑郁均呈显著正相关(r=0.324,0.438,0.323,0.189,P<0.01;r=0.122,P<0.05),而与自尊和生活满意度均无显著相关;独处价值与孤独感、社交回避/苦恼、交往焦虑、抑郁均呈显著负相关(r=-0.225,P<0.01,r=-0.131,P<0.05,r=-0.158,P<0.01,r=-0.132,P<0.05,r=-0.241,P<0.01),而与自尊、生活满意度均呈显著正相关(r=0.153,0.242;P<0.01);独处方式偏好只与社交回避/苦恼、交往焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.287,0.210,P<0.01;r=0.124,P<0.05)。结论独处偏好既包含积极的成分也包含消极的成分;PSS中文版符合心理测量学的要求,可以作为测量中国被试独处偏好的工具。

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Preference for Solitude Scale

Objective To test the validity and reliability of Chinese version of Preference for Solitude Scale(PSS).Methods A total of 317 college students were administered with the Chinese version of Preference for Solitude Scale,44 of them were retested two weeks later.Results ①The Kuder-Richardson 20(K-R20)was 0.72.The test-retest reliability was 0.90.②EFA showed that PPS could be divided into three factors,which were named solitude need/enjoyment,value of solitude and preferential ways of solitude.③Solitude need/enjoyment positively correlated to loneliness,social avoidance/distress,interaction anxiousness and depression significantly(r=0.324,0.438,0.323,0.189,P<0.01;r=0.122,P<0.05);Value of solitude negatively correlated to loneliness,social avoidance/distress,interaction anxiousness and depression significantly(r=-0.225,P<0.01,r=-0.131,P<0.05,r=-0.158,P<0.01,r=-0.132,P<0.05,r=-0.241,P<0.01),while correlated to self-esteem and satisfaction positively significantly(r=0.153,0.242,P<0.01);Way of solitude correlated to social avoidance/distress and interaction anxiousness positively significantly(r=0.287,0.210,P<0.01,P<0.01;r=0.124,P<0.05).Conclusion Solitude preference contains positive and negative components.The Chinese version of PSS is appropriate for Chinese participants with acceptable reliability and validity.