上颌骨血管构筑及其临床意义

目的:研究上颌骨血供来源、主要血管走行与分布及各相关血管吻合情况,为上颌骨各型截骨术提供形态学基础。方法:6例成人头部标本,其中2例为新鲜头部标本,经两侧颈总动脉注入红色过氯乙烯乙酸乙酯填充剂,经腐蚀后制成头部血管铸型标本;4例为福尔马林浸泡标本,常规局部解剖,详细观察上颌骨内、外侧面血管走行、分布、吻合情况。结果:上颌骨主要由上牙槽动脉供血,上颌骨粘骨膜主要由上牙槽后动脉颊支、眶下动脉分支、腭降动脉分支供血;上颌骨内供血动脉与上颌骨粘骨膜存在广泛交通支,使上颌骨形成内外供血动脉相交通的立体血管网。结论:上颌骨血供的多源性,为截骨段成活、截骨段移动等提供了形态学依据,为其各型截骨术的设计、临床操作提供了解剖基础。

Blood supply and distribution of maxilla and its clinical significance

Objective:To explore the origins, courses, branches, distribution and the anastomosis of vessels of maxilla and provide anatomic basis for the different types' osteotomy of maxilla. Methods: 2 fresh cadaveric heads were injected red hyperchlororinylaceticethe into common carotid arteries bilaterally for making vessel casting of head after corrosion approach. 4 adult head specimens fixed with formalin were dissected. The internal and external part of blood vessels of maxilla, as well their branches, distribution and the anastomosis were observed. Results: Maxilla was supplied mainly by inferior alveolar artery. The periosteum of maxilla was supplied by buccal branches of posterior superior alveolar artery, branches of infraorbital artery and descending palatine artery. Arteries supplying periosteum of maxilla formed a abundant vascular net with the internal and external arteries of maxilla. Conclusions:For maxilla, its blood supply is multi-original, which is benefit for the survival and movement of targeted bone. This study provides anatomic basis for the design of all kinds of maxilla and clinic procedure.