父母外出务工对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响研究

目的:了解贫困农村地区留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康差异并探索其影响因素。方法:在宁夏固原市用分层整群抽样的方法对7所小学的2017名学生进行问卷调查,并通过家长调查获取1474名学生的家庭信息。结果:欠发达地区农村儿童自我意识水平整体偏低;留守儿童心理健康比非留守儿童差,具体表现为自我意识水平较低、孤独感较强、社交焦虑水平较高;父母外出务工是留守儿童心理健康的危险因素,家长对孩子的关心程度、同伴关系和师生关系是影响留守儿童心理健康的三个最主要因素。结论:加强留守儿童家庭中的亲子沟通,提高监护人对留守儿童心理健康的重视,以及老师帮助学生建立融洽的师生和同伴关系是改善留守儿童心理健康状况的有效途径。

Studying on the influence of migrant parents on mental health of their left-behind children in rural China

Objective To study the differences of mental health status between left-behind children and other children in rural areas,and explore its influencing factors.Methods 2017 cases of children were chosen from 7 primary schools in Ningxia with stratified cluster sampling,and surveyed with questionnaire.And the family information of 1474 cases of children was obtained from their parents.Results The overall scale of self consciousness of children in rural areas was significantly lower than general normal.The mental health status of left-behind children was worse than others,which showed as lower self consciousness,higher loneliness feeling and social anxiety.The main risk factor was parents being migrant.And the three factors significantly influencing their mental health were parents’concern,peer relation and teacher-student relationship.Conclusion It should be effective for improving the mental health status of left-behind children to intensify communication between migrant parents and their left-behind children,value the guardians’attention on children’s mental health,and develop congenial teacher-student relationship and peer relations.