1985年来北京市中小学生健康水平变化趋势

目的分析北京市中小学生1985至2005年生长发育水平、体质状况和肥胖检出率的变化趋势,并分析肥胖相关慢性病的罹患现状。方法分析数据来源于2010年北京统计年鉴、1985至2005年中国学生体质与健康调研报告、北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征研究和北京学龄儿童高血压现患调查。以身高、体重和胸围反映体格生长发育水平;肺活量、50m跑用时、肺活量指数作为体质状况评价的指标。分析北京市学龄儿童1985至2005年生长发育水平、体质状况和肥胖率的变化趋势。结果①男女性体重增速远高于身高的增速,胸围增速略高于体重,BMI呈现持续增长趋势。不论男女性,身高、体重和胸围的每5年平均增速乡村均高于城区、男性高于女性,BMI增幅的城乡差别不明显。②2005至2009年人均GDP年平均增速为14.0%,1985年北京市中小学生男女性肥胖率分别为0.7%和0.6%,2010年分别为17.1%和11.9%,肥胖率年平均增速分别为13.2%和12.2%。③2005年男性在13岁前、女性在12岁前肺活量与2000年较接近,之后呈下降趋势,特别是女性12岁以后肺活量下降趋势更为明显。不论男女性,2005年肺活量指数均较2000年明显下降。1985至1995年男女性50m跑用时总体上呈缩短趋势,1995至2005年呈延长趋势。结论 1985至2005年北京市人均GDP快速增长的同时,中小学生的生长发育水平呈快速上升趋势,但体质状况呈下降趋势,肥胖及相关慢性病患病率快速增高。

Health trends of school-age children in Beijing since 1985

Objective To analyze the change of growth and development,physical fitness,and prevalence of obesity among school-age children in Beijing from1985 to 2005,and to analyze the current attack rate of obesity related chronic diseases.Methods The data used for analyzing were from the Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2010,Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students 1985-2005,Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome Study and survey of the prevalence of high blood pressure among school-age children in Beijing.Height,weight and chest circumference were used to reflect the growth and development of physique;Vital capacity,speed of 50 m run and vital capacity to weight ratio were used evaluate the physical fitness.The change of growth and development,physical fitness and prevalence of obesity among school-age children were analyzed in Beijing from 1985 to 2005.Results ①The increase speed of weight was much higher than that of height,and the increase speed of chest circumference was slightly higher than that of weight in both boys and girls.BMI showed a continuous increasing trend.No matter boys or girls,every 5 years＇ average increase speed of height,weight and chest circumference among rural students was higher than that among urban students,and the increase speed in boys was higher than in girls.There was no significant difference in the increase of BMI between urban and rural students.②The annual average growth rate of GDP per capita was 14.0%,and the prevalence of obesity among school-age children in boys and girls was 0.7% and 0.6%,respectively.In 2010,the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 17.1% and 11.9%.The annual average growth rate of prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 13.2% and 12.2%.③The vital capacities of boys under 13 years of age and girls under 12 years of age in 2005 were similar with those in 2000,and then decreased,especially in girls elder than 12 years old.In both gender,the vital capacity to weight ratio decreased dramatically in 2005 than in 2000.The shortened trend displayed in time consume of 50 m run from 1985 to 1995 and prolonged trend replaced that from 1995 to 2005.Conclusions With the rapid increase of real GDP per capita in Beijing from 1985-2005,the growth and development of school-age children increased rapidly,with a downward trend in physical fitness.Prevalence of obesity and obesity related chronic diseases was high in school-age children in Beijing.