Tramadol Alleviates Myocardial Injury Induced by Acute Hindlimb Ischemia
Reperfusion in Rats |
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Authors: | Hamed Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi Adel Haghighi Khiabanian Asl Mehran Shahzamani Mohammad Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi Amin Allahverdi Mohammadreza Khansari |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran - Iran;2.Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran;3.Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran - Iran;4.Department of Surgery, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran - Iran;5.Department of Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran - Iran |
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Abstract: | BackgroundOrgan injury occurs not only during periods of ischemia but also during
reperfusion. It is known that ischemia reperfusion (IR) causes both remote organ
and local injuries.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of tramadol on the heart as a remote organ after
acute hindlimb IR.MethodsThirty healthy mature male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into three groups:
Group I (sham), Group II (IR), and Group III (IR + tramadol). Ischemia was induced
in anesthetized rats by left femoral artery clamping for 3 h, followed by 3 h of
reperfusion. Tramadol (20 mg/kg, intravenous) was administered immediately prior
to reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion, animals were euthanized, and hearts
were harvested for histological and biochemical examination.ResultsThe levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) were higher in Groups I and III than those in Group II (p <
0.05). In comparison with other groups, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in
Group II were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and this increase was
prevented by tramadol. Histopathological changes, including microscopic bleeding,
edema, neutrophil infiltration, and necrosis, were scored. The total injuryscore
in Group III was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with Group II.ConclusionFrom the histological and biochemical perspectives, treatment with tramadol
alleviated the myocardial injuries induced by skeletal muscle IR in this
experimental model. |
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Keywords: | Tramadol/ therapeutic use Heart Injuries Heart/physiopathology Reperfusion Injury Rats |
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