河北省阳原县地方性氟中毒流行病学调查

目的掌握河北省阳原县地方性氟中毒流行现况。方法采用分层整群抽样法在非、轻、中、重病区分别抽取调查点,检测居民饮用水氟和儿童尿氟,检查儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果共采集测定居民饮用水水样59份,水氟中位数为1.11mg/L;非、轻病区的水氟中位数在正常标准内;中、重病区的水氟中位数超过正常标准,所有水样的水氟均不合格。共采集并测定8～12岁儿童尿样405份,尿氟中位数为2.05mg/L,中、重病区儿童尿氟中位数明显高于非、轻病区。共检查8～12岁儿童1276名,氟斑牙检出率为37.7%,氟斑牙指数为0.69,非、轻、中、重病区的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=214.29,P<0.05);中、重病区的氟斑牙检出率和氟斑牙指数均较高,为轻微和中等流行。结论阳原县地方性氟中毒病情尚未完全得到控制;今后应进一步加大改水力度,有效地控制地方性氟中毒的发生。

Epidemiological survey on endemic fluorosis in Yangyuan County of Hebei Province

Objective To investigate the current status of endemic fluorosis in Yangyuan County. Methods The villages investigated were selected by stratifi ed cluster sampling method. The fluoride contents in local residents' drinking w ater and urine of children aged 8 ~ 12 years were assessed, and children's denta l fluorosis was examined. Results A total of 59 drinking water samples were collected and determined, its median of fluoride was 1.11 mg/L. The fluoride med ian was within the limit of the criteria in mild and non-endemic areas, while it exceeded the criteria in moderate and severe endemic areas. None of the drinkin g water samples was qualified in terms of the fluoride content collected from mi ddle and severe endemic areas. A total of 402 urine samples collected from child ren aged 8 ~ 12 years were measured. The urinary fluoride medians of children li ving in middle and severe endemic areas were remarkably higher than those from m ild and non-endemic areas. A sum of 1 276 children aged 8 ~ 12 years old were ex amined whose prevalence of dental fluorosis was 37.7%. There was significant dif ference of children's prevalence of dental fluorosis among non-, mild, middle an d severe endemic areas. The prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental fluorosis index in middle and severe endemic areas were higher than those in mild and non- endemic areas. The prevailing grade of dental fluorosis in moderate and severe e ndemic areas were mild and moderate respectively. Conclusions The endemic flu orosis was not yet under complete control in Yangyuan County. The quality of loc al drinking water should be further improved in order to effectively control end emic fluorosis.