Thin films with chemically graded functionality based on fluorine polymers and stainless steel

Thin films of stainless steel and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) were co-deposited, by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering, in an inert atmosphere in order to produce a functionally graded material as a coating on a traditional biomaterial, where non-ferromagnetic characteristics and improved wettability must be ensured. These thin films are intended to modify the surface of SS316L used in stents, where the bulk/thin film couple should be regarded as a single material. This requires excellent adhesion of the coating to the substrate. All coatings were deposited with an average thickness of 500 nm. The chemical and phase characterization of the surface revealed that, with the increase in F content, the thin film evolves from a ferritic phase (alpha) to an amorphous phase with dispersion of a new crystalline ceramic phase (FeF(2)). For intermediate F content values, an austenitic (111) phase (gamma) was present. Bearing in mind the envisaged application, the best results were attained for thin films with a fluorine content between 10 and 20 at.%.