诱导剂共培养：谁更适宜骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞的分化？

背景：目前骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的方法较多,采用不同诱导方法对骨髓充质干细胞分化成神经细胞的比例是不同的。目的：比较化学诱导法和共培养法诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经细胞的差异。方法：大鼠全骨髓血细胞分离纯化法培养骨髓间充质干细胞,分为化学诱导组和共培养组,分别采用加入化学诱导剂β-巯基乙醇和Transwell小室共培养方法诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化。结果与结论：诱导培养1周后从化学诱导和共培养组的骨髓间充质干细胞出现突起,且呈辐射生长,2周后均可见神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性细胞。共培养组中第四五天可见星级神经细胞状结构,并形成更多的突起,神经元特异性烯醇化酶染色阳性率为（70.82±2.46）%。而在第六七天化学诱导组中神经细胞形态样细胞形成,并有连接,神经元特异性烯醇化酶染色阳性率为（52.37±1.83）%。提示细胞微环境在骨髓间充质干细胞分化成神经细胞发挥主导作用,且化学诱导法诱导效率低于共培养法。

Induction ways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into nerve cells

BACKGROUND： Currently, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into nerve cells via many approaches. Different methods for inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into nerve cells have different ratios. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the difference between chemical method and co-culture method to induce the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into nerve cells. METHODS： Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified using whole bone marrow culture method, and then randomly divided into two groups： chemical group, β-mercaptoethanol was added; co-culture group, co-cultured in a Transwell chamber. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Visible protrusions from induced cells showed radiation growth at 1 week of induced culture, and neuron-specific enolase staining was positive at 2 weeks of culture. Star-like structure of nerve cells was visible in the co-culture group within 4-5 days of culture, and then more protrusions formed. Meanwhile, the positive rate of neuron-specific enolase was （70.82±2.46）%. After 6-7 days of culture, neuron-like cells formed and were interconnected in the chemical group; while, the positive rate of neuron-specific enolase was （52.37±1.83）%. These findings suggest that cell microenvironment plays a leading role in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into nerve cells, and chemical induction method is inferior to the co-culture method.