职业卫生示范企业创建实践中得失分情况分析

目的探讨用人单位职业病防治工作运行机制。方法根据用人单位职业病防治指南及评估工具，通过制定创建职业卫生示范企业的方案和程序文件，研制了《用人单位职业病防治自评估表》，企业使用评估表开展基线评估、针对评估中发现的问题采取改进措施、再经专家审议、现场评审等程序，组织企业创建职业卫生示范企业。本研究建立了参加现场评审的64家企业基本情况数据库、示范企业评分结果数据库，并应用SPSS15．0、EpiData3．1软件，使用加权平均分法计算得失分率进行资料统计与分析。结果（1）研究对象以大中型企业为主，覆盖东中西部地区，涉及16个行业；（2）综合得分低于平均分的行业按得分从低到高依次是航空、有色、轻工、纺织，各行业企业的薄弱环节呈现不同分布，各经济大区企业的薄弱环节呈现不同分布；（3）排在12大项失分前五位的依次是作业场所管理、履行告知义务、作业场所监测、前期预防和群众监督；（4）排在97小项失分前八位的分别是高毒作业场所设置红色区域警示线，接规定组织离岗时的职业健康检查，职业性有害因素的强度或者浓度符合国家职业卫生标准，放射工作场所配置报警装置，签订劳动合同并在合同中载明可能产生的职业病危害及其后果，签订劳动合同并在合同中载明职业病防护措施和待遇，可能发生急性职业损伤的有毒、有害工作场所配置冲洗设备，可能发生急性职业损伤的有毒、有害工作场所设置报警装置。结论（1）根据评审结果，这些企业成功的特点是建立并落实职业病防治责任制，为劳动者创造符合国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求的工作环境和条件，依法参加工伤社会保险，建立工会组织对职业病防治工作的监督机制，把职业病防治工作纳入企业管理的总体目标；（2）各行业针对失分高的大项及细目加强职业病防治工作；（3）重点加强五大方面的工作：作业场所管理、履行告知义务、作业场所监测、前期预防、群众监督；（4）《用人单位职业病防治指南》所提出的技术要求及《用人单位职业病防治自评估表》所提出的量化评估与分级方法，均切实可行。

Scoring analysis in the practice of the establishment of model enterprise on occupational health

Objective To explore the operational mechanism for employer on occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Based on Guideline for Employer on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and assessment instruments, this study established a series of approaches for mode/ enterprises establishing： to develop a plan and the procedure document for establishing model enterprises for occupational disease prevention and control, to con- duct baseline self-assessment by the enterprises, to take corrective measures and solve the problems found in the as- sessment, to conduct documents review and field assessment by experts. We established basic information database and scoring results database of the 64 applying model enterprises, and statistical analysis was made by SPSS 15.0 and EpiData 3.1 and the rate of score gaining and losing was calculated by weighted average method. Results （ 1 ） Most of the enterprises are large and middle scale enterprises which locate in the east, the middle and the west economic region and belong to 16 sector economies; （2）The sector economies whose comprehensive score lower than average score are aviation, nonferrous metals, light industry, textile industry by sort ascending, and the weakness of the enterprises in different sector economies indicates various dlslribution, it shows the same characteristic in different large economic region; （3）The top 5 items of score losing order in 12 items are workplace management, information communica- tion, workplace surveillance, preliminary prevention, and public supervision; （4）The top 8 sub-items of score losing order in 97 sub-items are as follows ： red warning line should be posted in the highly toxic hazards workplaces; enterprises should provide physical checkup on workers＇ job departure; the intensity or concentration of occupational hazards should meet the requirements of national standards for occupational health; alarm devices should be equipped in the radioactive workplace; employer should sign the contract with the employee and inform the potential occupational hazards and the aftereffect in the work; employer should sign the contract with the employee and inform the occupa- tional disease Proteitiue measure and compensation; washing equipment should be equipped in the workplaces with toxic and hazardous substances that may cause acute occupational injuries; alarming devices should be equipped at the workplaces with toxic and hazardous substances that may cause acute occupational injuries. Conclusion （ 1 ） According to the result of assessment, the characteristics of the successful enterprises are as follows ： enterprises have established and implemented responsibility system of occupational disease prevention and control, improved work environment and condition to meet the requirements of national occupational health standards and hygienic requests for workers, complied with the Social Industrial Injury Insurance relevant regulations, established mass supervision system of Labor Union, and integrated the goal of occupational disease prevention and control into overall objective of enterprise pro- duction and quality improvement management; （ 2 ） By reference of the items and sub-items with high score losing, each sector economies should improve occupational disease prevention and control; （3） More attention should be paid to 5 items： workplace management, information communication, workplace surveillance, preliminary prevention, and public supervision; （4）Both the technical requests in Guideline for Employer on Prevention and Control of Occupa- tional Disease and quantitative assessment and grading method in Table for Employer on Self-assessment of Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease are available and feasible