不同比例壳聚糖胶原复合骨、软骨缺损支架材料的制备及性状比较

摘要 背景：骨组织工程支架材料由最初的自体骨，软骨材料到生物活性陶瓷，乃至后来的有机材料胶原蛋白等细胞外基质材料，其生物相容性及性能越来越优越，越来越接近体内的真实情况。但是这些材料在抗压性及强度方面还有待进一步提高。 目的：应用胶原与壳聚糖制备生物支架并对其检测其生物学性质，为骨、软骨缺损提供移植替代物。 方法：将不同比例壳聚糖-胶原蛋白溶解，经冷冻冻干后紫外线交联后冷冻干燥，二次冻干制备好支架。检测不同比例支架的孔隙率，降解率，溶胀率。扫描电镜观察孔径的大小及形态。 结果与结论：制备的支架外观呈海绵多孔状。支架的孔径大小随着胶原比例增加而减小。胶原比例的增加对支架孔隙率的影响较轻微。支架的溶胀率可达到80%左右，支架的溶胀程度随胶原比例增加而减少。胶原含量越大支架柔韧度增加明显。支架的降解率随着胶原比例增加而增加，而壳聚糖含量越高，降解速度越慢。结果提示，通过调整壳聚糖-胶原蛋白比例使支架具有作为骨、软骨缺损移植材料的替代物可能。 关键词：壳聚糖；胶原蛋白；骨；生物支架；组织工程 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.42.006

Preparation and characteristics of chitosan-collagen compound bone and cartilage defect scaffolds

Abstract BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering scaffolds develops from autologous bone, cartilage materials to bioactive ceramics, even organic material collagen and other extracellular matrix, their biocompatibility and performance become more and more excellent, close to in vivo conditions. However these materials need to improve anti-compression and strength. OBJECTIVE: To prepare biological scaffolds by adjusting the proportion of collagen and chitosan, to test biological characteristics and to offer a graft for bone and cartilage defect. METHODS: Chitosan and collagen protein were melted by different ratios, then the materials were freeze-dried after UV cross-linking to prepare scaffolds by twice freeze-dry. The porosity, degradation rate, swelling ratio of the scaffolds at different proportions were determined. The particle size and distribution were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared scaffold was sponge and porous. The aperture of the scaffold was negatively related with the collagen content. The collagen had less impact on the overall porosity with the increased ratio of collagen. The swelling rate can reach about 80%, swelling degree of the scaffold was reduced with the increasing proportion of collagen. The toughness degree and degradation rate increased with the collagen ratio up. The higher chitosan content, the slower degradation rate. Adjusting collagen and chitosan ratio could make the scaffolds as a substitute for the bone and cartilage defect transplantation.