PAC fixed dose: pharmacokinetics of a 1-hour paclitaxel infusion and comparison to BSA-normalized drug dosing

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of a 175-mg fixed dose of paclitaxel (PAC) after a 1-h infusion in cancer patients and to compare them with the PK parameters from a study with a dose normalized to the body surface area (BSA) (100 mg/m2). PATIENTS AND METHODS: PAC PKs were studied during the first course of therapy in 13 patients. A fixed dose of 175 mg PAC was administered weekly by a 1-h infusion to patients with advanced cancer. Total PAC in serum was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental and model-dependent methods. RESULTS: The mean BSA of 12 patients (1 patient excluded from all analyses because of prolonged infusion duration) was 1.79 m2 (coefficient of variation (CV) 7.8%), the mean dose referred to the individual BSAs was 98.3 mg/m2 (CV 8.3%). The mean area under the curve (AUC) was 6,193 ng/ml x h (CV 46%), the mean plasma clearance (Clp) was 19.7 l/h/m2 (CV 45%), and the volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was 121.6 l/m2 (CV 52%). The mean residence time (MRT) was 7.6 h (CV 46%), the mean distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) of PAC(tot) was 0.4 h (CV 62%), and the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) 10.0 h (CV 42%). Maximum plasma concentration Cmax was 3,161 ng/ml (CV 36%). The mean time above 0.05 microM (42.7 ng/ml) was 19.7 h, and the mean time above 0.1 microM (85.4 ng/ml) was 10.6 h. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a fixed dose of PAC of 175 mg corresponds to a mean BSA-normalized dose of 98.3 mg/m2 (range 88.8-117.4 mg/m2). A higher variability of PK parameters was observed compared to previously published results of a PK study with BSA-normalized dosing of 100 mg/m2. However, the AUC and the time above threshold concentrations did not depend on the dose. Therefore, a fixed dose of 175 mg weekly could be an option for palliative treatment with PAC and may offer a simple but effective schedule for PAC treatment.