Understanding the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD: symptom severity and affect |
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| Authors: | Post Loren M Zoellner Lori A Youngstrom Eric Feeny Norah C |
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| Institution: | aCase Western Reserve University, Department of Psychological Sciences, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;bUniversity of Washington, Department of Psychology, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;cUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, CB#3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA |
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| Abstract: | How to best understand theoretically the nature of the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD (PTSD + MDD) is unclear. In a sample of 173 individuals with chronic PTSD, we examined whether the data were more consistent with current co-occurring MDD as a separate construct or as a marker of posttraumatic stress severity, and whether the relationship between PTSD and MDD is a function of shared symptom clusters and affect components. Results showed that the more severe depressive symptoms found in PTSD + MDD as compared to PTSD remained after controlling for PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, depressive symptom severity significantly predicted co-occurring MDD even when controlling for PTSD severity. In comparison to PTSD, PTSD + MDD had elevated dysphoria and re-experiencing – but not avoidance and hyperarousal – PTSD symptom cluster scores, higher levels of negative affect, and lower levels of positive affect. These findings provide support for PTSD and MDD as two distinct constructs with overlapping distress components. |
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| Keywords: | Posttraumatic stress disorder Major depressive disorder Co-occurrence Comorbidity Positive affect Negative affect |
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