2007～2008年呼吸道感染的细菌谱及耐药性变化的比较分析

目的了解医院近年来呼吸道感染的细菌谱及耐药性变化情况。方法对2007-2008年临床疑为呼吸道细菌感染的1063例患者的痰标本细菌培养和药敏实验结果进行统计分析。结果2007年呼吸道感染菌前7位是：克雷伯菌30．9％，假单胞菌18．8％，大肠埃希菌12．1％，阴沟肠杆菌9．1％，不动杆菌7．3％，金黄色葡萄球菌6．1％和表皮葡萄球菌5．5％。2008年呼吸道感染菌前7住是：假单胞菌30．6％，克雷伯菌15．0％，念珠菌12．1％，不动杆菌10．7％，表皮葡萄球菌9．7％，大肠埃希菌9．7％和金黄色葡萄球菌3．4％。所有细菌对临床常用抗生素的耐药率都在增加，最高增加达24％。结论机会致病细菌引起呼吸道感染增多，对临床常用抗生素的耐药性增高，应引起临床医生的高度重视。

Analysis of bacterial spectrum and drug resistance in patients with respiratory tract infection

Objective To study the bacterial characteristics, drug sensitivity and resistance of strains isolated from patients with respiratory tract infection. Methods Bacteria were cultured in sputum specimens from 1063 patients with respiratory tract infections. The bacteria were identified by Merieux TPL The antibiotic sensitivity tests were determined by Merieux ATPI. Results In 2007, the most common isolated bacteria were Klebsiella （30.9%）, Pseudomonas （18.8%）, Escherichia coli （12. 1%）, Enterobaeter cloacae （9.1%）, Acinetinbacter （7. 3%）, Staphylococcus aureas （6.1%） and Staphylococcus epidermidis （5.5%）. In 2008, the most common isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas （30.6%）, Klebsiella （15.0%）, Candida albicans （12.1%）, Aeinetinbacter （10. 7%）, Staphylococcus epidermidis （9.7%）, Escheriehia coli （9.7%） and Staphylococcus aureas （3.4%）. The bacterial resistance rates to most of antimierobial drugs used routinely were higher in 2008 than those in 2007. Conclusions It is increased of respiratory tract infection rate caused by opportunistic pathogen and the bacterial resistance rates to antimicrobial drugs used routinely.