番荔枝子油提取工艺研究

目的 优化番荔枝子油的提取工艺。方法 采用渗漉法、索式提取法、超声波萃取法和超临界CO₂萃取法提取番荔枝子油，以番荔枝种子的出油率为指标，确定最佳提取方法；对最佳提取方法进行工艺的优化，并采用GC-MS法分析其化学成分。结果 索氏提取法提取的番荔枝子油得率最高；索式提取法提取番荔枝子油的最佳工艺为:采用石油醚为提取溶剂，提取温度为80℃，回流时间为90min，番荔枝子油的出油率为（22.28±0.21）%。GC-MS分析结果表明，最佳工艺所得的番荔枝子油的主要成分及相对含量为:棕榈酸（9.92%）、亚油酸（20.49%）、油酸（56.50%）及硬脂酸（9.14%）。结论 该实验优选出的索氏提取工艺稳定，番荔枝子油中不饱和脂肪酸的含量较高，具有一定的经济应用价值。 

Optimization of Extraction Technique of Seed Oil from Annona squamosa

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal parameters in extraction of seed oil from Annona squamosa. METHODS The extraction efficiency of four extraction methods， including percolation extraction， soxhlet extraction， ultrasonic extraction and SFE-CO₂ extraction were compared. The optimal parameters of the best extraction method were determined， and the chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS The yields of the oils extracted by the soxhlet extraction method were highest (22.28±0.21%)， and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: Petroleum ether were used as extraction solvent， the extraction temperature was 80℃， and the extraction time was 90 min. GC-MS analysis results showed that the main chemical composition was palmitic acid (9.92%)， linoleic acid (20.49%)， oleic acid (56.50%) and stearic acid (9.14%). CONCLUSION The optimum extraction method was stable. Annona squamosa seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and have a certain economic value.